<p>The Winthrop Building is an historic skyscraper at 7 Water Street  in Boston, Massachusetts.</p><br>
<p>The nine story brick and terracotta building was designed by Clarence H. Blackall in the Renaissance Revival style, and has the distinction of being the first skyscraper in the city to have been constructed with a steel frame. Completed in 1894, it was originally known as the Carter Building, but was renamed the Winthrop Building in 1899 after the Puritan Governor John Winthrop, whose second house was located adjacent to the site. Prominent past tenants include Landscape Architect Fletcher Steele in the 1920s and the Boston offices of the Associated Press.</p><br>
<p>The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1974, and was designated a Boston Landmark by the Boston Landmarks Commission in 2016.</p><br>
<h2>Images</h2><br>
<p>Colvin Run Mill is in Great Falls, Virginia. Built c. 1811, Colvin Run Mill is the sole</p><br>
<p>surviving operational 19th-century water-powered mill in the Washington, D.C. metropolitan area, and its restored mechanism is a nationally significant example of automated technologies pioneered in milling and later adopted across American industry.</p><br>
<p>Down the gravel path of the park is the miller&#39;s house, home to the families who ran the mill. In 1883, Addison Millard moved his family here when he bought the old mill. Addison, his wife Emma, and some of their 20 children lived there. When Addison died, the family stayed and operated the mill until 1934.</p><br>
<p>In the mid-1930s the mill was abandoned, and highway development caused it to be cut off from any near-by water source. The mill was later acquired by the Fairfax County Park Authority, repaired, and made open to the public.</p><br>
<h2>Civil War era</h2><br>
<p>The Battle of Dranesville was a small battle during the American Civil War that took place between Confederate forces under Brigadier General J. E. B. Stuart and Union forces under Brigadier General Edward O. C. Ord on December 20, 1861, in Fairfax County, Virginia, as part of Major General George B. McClellan&#39;s operations in northern Virginia. The two forces on similar winter-time patrols encountered and engaged one another in the crossroads village of Dranesville.</p><br>
<p>Ord, leading the 10,000 strong 3rd Brigade of Pennsylvania Reserves set out west from Langley to clear the south bank of the Potomac River of Confederate pickets and partisans in Fairfax and Loudoun. At Colvin Run Mill, Ord left half his force to protect his rear and prevent his force from being cut off from their base at Langley. The battle resulted in a Union victory.</p><br>
<p>Kakolat is the name of a waterfall located in the Nawada district of Bihar, India.</p><br>
<h2>Overview</h2><br>
<p>Kakolat waterfall a stunning little hidden wonder of nature, situated on the beautiful Kakolat hill, located on the border of Bihar and Jharkhand, just 33 km from Nawada. This is one of the most visited and renowned Bihar getaway, where tourists come from all over the state and adjoining areas to witness the sheer beauty of Mother Nature cascading marvelously. The Kakolat waterfall of Bihar cascades down from a height of between 150 and 160 feet and forms a natural reservoir at the base of the waterfall. Good fall in bihar</p><br>
<p>Legends are also associated with the Kakolat waterfall such as, a Treta Yug king was cursed to take the shape of a python and live at the falls here, by a Hindu spiritualist. The place was then visited by the Pandavas during their exile and it was during that time that the python king got rid of the curse, and he proclaimed that any person who bathed in the waterfall would never be reborn as a snake.</p><br>
<p>Kakolat waterfall has become an increasingly popular tourist attraction in Bihar, where huge crowds can be seen during summers for weekend picnics. This waterfall also boats a wide variety of watersports and fun in the water. Apart from its significance as a tourist destination, the Kakolat waterfall is also widely visited at the time when a big fair is held on an occasion of bishua or chait Sankranti. This is basically a religious event accompanied with a three-day mela, where many devotees take their bath in the waterfall.</p><br>
<p>The Kakolat waterfall has great historical and mythological significance. The waterfall is located near Govindpur police station, about 33 km away from Nawada, on Kakolat Hill. Below the falls there is a deep natural reservoir.</p><br>
<p>The fall is approximately 160 ft in height. The scene is panoramic due to all-round green forest area. Kakolat Fall is a popular tourist spot in Bihar. During the summer, people from all over India come to the falls for picnics.</p><br>
<h2>Role in Indian mythology</h2><br>
<p>According to legend, during the Treta Yuga epoch a king was cursed by a rishi and had to take the shape of a python and lived in Kakolat. The place was visited by the great Pandavas during their exile and the accursed king got salvation from damnation. The king after getting rid of the curse proclaimed that one who would bath in the waterfall will not take the yoni of snake, and that is why a large number of people from far and near bathe in the falls.</p><br>
<p>A large festival is held at Kakolat on the occasion of Baisakhi or Chait Shankranti.</p><br>
<p>Mount Bindo, a mountain on the Great Dividing Range, is located in the Central Tablelands region of New South Wales, Australia.</p><br>
<p>With an elevation of 1,359 m above sea level, Mount Bindo is one of the highest points on the Central Tablelands and attracts regular light snowfalls in winter. Nearby towns include the hamlet of Hampton, Jenolan Caves and the town of Oberon. As with nearby Mount Trickett and Shooters Hill, Mount Bindo is a popular destination for snow chasers during the winter months.</p><br>
<h2>Access to the summit</h2><br>
<p>From the town of Oberon, the Oberon Road heads east for 26 km until it meets the Hampton-Jenolan Caves Rd. There is a roadside rest area here on Hampton State Forest. A dry-weather forest road, the Tea Tree Road, turns left here and heads through the pines to the summit of Mount Bindo, from where there are fine views over the Megalong Valley, taking in Oberon to the west, Lithgow to the north, Blackheath and the Hydro-Majestic Hotel at Medlow Bath to the east and two towers to the south.</p><br>
<p>The New Mt. Moriah Baptist Church is located at 13100 Woodward Avenue in Highland Park, Michigan in Metro Detroit. It was built in 1922 as the Trinity United Methodist Church, in the Gothic Revival style. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Trinity United Methodist was built by the Cass United Methodist Church of Detroit, as a mission church to serve membership in Highland Park who lived too far to travel the eight miles to Cass United. The structure served as a Methodist church from its dedication in 1923 until 1978. In 1979, the New Mt. Moriah Baptist Church congregation moved into the building.</p><br>
<p>In the 1950s the church had a mission for Japanese people.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The former Trinity United Methodist Church is a gray limestone, Gothic Revival church measuring 125 feet by 110 feet. The main facade has a gabled, two-story entrance pavilion with a recessed entrance located between a plain extension and a crenelated tower with belfry. On the side, there is a shallow, gabled transept with a large window, and a projecting entrance between the church and attached chapel.</p><br>
<p>The Ruffin Drew  Fletcher House, also known as the George Allen Dicus, M.D., House, is a historic house in the city of Streator, Illinois. It was constructed in 1890 and is a good example of stick-style architecture. The house was added to the USA National Register of Historic Places in 1991.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Ruffin Drew Fletcher, or simply R. D. Fletcher, House was constructed in 1890. Ruffin Drew Fletcher took a job with the Chicago, Wilmington and Vermilion Coal Company in 1876 and moved to Streator, Illinois. The coal company constructed the house for Fletcher and he stayed in it until 1900 when he was transferred to another location and the house was sold to Dr. George Dicus.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The Fletcher House shows the characteristics of Victorian stick-style architecture in its decorative ornamentation and roof massing. It falls into a subcategory of stick-style houses that Virginia and Lee McAlester described as the gabled roof classification in their Field Guide to American Houses. The Fletcher House contains many of the specific elements described by the McAlesters.</p><br>
<h2>Outbuildings</h2><br>
<p>There are two outbuildings on the property, a one-story wash house and a two-story carriage house. Both structures were built at the same time as the house and also in the stick style. The outbuildings lack the ornamentation of the house but still contribute to the architectural significance of the Fletcher House.</p><br>
<h2>Historic significance</h2><br>
<p>The Fletcher House maintains its 1890s architectural integrity. On a local level, the earliest changes to the house, such as the installation of electric fans, illustrates the life style of the upper middle class in Streator, Illinois. Both outbuildings were included as contributing properties in the National Register listing.</p><br>
<p>Humes Preparatory Academy Middle School, formerly the L. C. Humes High School, is a middle school located in Memphis, Tennessee. It was open as a high school from the 1930s through 1967 and later became a middle school in the Memphis City Schools district. In 2004, the school was listed on the National Register of Historic Places due to its connection to Elvis Presley, who graduated from the school in 1953. The school has numerous alumni from nearby Porter-Leath from its days as an orphanage and current foster care facility.</p><br>
<p>In 2012, the school opened as a charter school run by Gestalt Community Schools. In 2017 it was announced that control of the school would be transferred to Frayser Community schools when Gestalt would exit after experience declining enrollment and funding.</p><br>
<h2>Notable alumni</h2><br>
<p>Bill Black</p><br>
<p>John Bramlett</p><br>
<p>Jack Cristil</p><br>
<p>George Klein</p><br>
<p>Elvis Presley</p><br>
<p>Red West</p><br>
<p>Daniel Coit Gilman Summer House, also known as Over Edge, is a historic house on Huntington Lane, a private road off Huntington Road in Northeast Harbor, Maine. It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1965 for its association with Daniel Coit Gilman , the president of Johns Hopkins University and a leading advocate of graduate education in the United States. The house is still used as a private summer residence.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Gilman House is set on a high bluff, overlooking the town of Northeast Harbor&#39;s harbor area to the east, with views extending south toward Bear and Sutton Islands. It is a three-story wood frame structure, clad in wooden shingles, with a side gable roof large enough to house the full third floor. The house is oriented to the waterfront, with an open veranda across the eastern facade, and porches on the north side of the first and second floors. The living room, which takes up the southern part of the house, has a projecting bay window. The house is little-altered since it was built in 1880s, the principal alteration being the removal of some partitions to enlarge the kitchen.</p><br>
<p>The house was built for Daniel Coit Gilman, and was his summer residence until his death in 1908. Gilman was a native of Norwich, Connecticut, who graduated from Yale College in 1848. He helped to organize Yales Sheffield Scientific School in 1855, and became the schools librarian and secretary, as well as teaching geography as a professor. He became president of the recently-founded University of California at Berkeley in 1872, but left that school over disagreements on curriculum. He was appointed president of the newly founded Johns Hopkins University in 1875, where he was able to implement ideas about high level competence in subject material by its professors, a high-quality student body, and the importance of academic freedom and research in the university setting. The success of these ideas was demonstrated by their wide adoption by other academic institutions, and by the presence of Johns Hopkins graduates in the professorial ranks of more than 60 schools by 1892.</p><br>
<p>Arakamchechen Island  is an island in the Bering Sea.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Arakamchechen lies north of Cape Chaplino, close to the coast of Chukotka. It is separated from the continental shore by an 8 km wide sound. This island is inhabited; the main settlement is Yanrakynnot village.</p><br>
<p>Arakamchechen Island is 32 km long and has a maximum width of 21 km. It has a mountainous interior. South of it lies Yttygran Island and west of it Penkigney Bay. There is a 5 km wide sound between the two islands.</p><br>
<h2>Administration</h2><br>
<p>Administratively Arakamchechen Island belongs to the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug of the Russian Federation.</p><br>
<p>Nowadays this island is popular with tourists who come to enjoy the wildlife. Many walruses live in rookeries in the shores of this island.</p><br>
<p>Łuknajno  is a lake in the Masurian Lake District of north-eastern Poland, in Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship. It lies approximately 5 km east of the town of Mikołajki, close to the north-western corner of Poland&#39;s largest lake called Śniardwy. Łuknajno covers an area of 6.8 km&sup2, and has a maximum depth of 3 m.</p><br>
<p>The lake is the site of a nature reserve, and since 1977 has been designated a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve and a Ramsar site, in view of its importance as a breeding ground for water birds such as grebe, rail, moorhen, grey heron, bearded tit, white-tailed eagle, osprey, rust-coloured kite, cormorant and black tern. The lake is known since many decades as the habitat of the mute swan (Cygnus olor) – nesting there every year from a dozen to tens of dozen of pairs, and in time of moult arriving in numbers reaching up to 2,000 birds. The lake is part of the larger protected area known as Masurian Landscape Park.</p><br>
<p>Yumbilla Falls is the name of a waterfall located near the town of Cuispes, in the northern Peruvian region of Amazonas. It is considered the world&#39;s fifth tallest waterfall, becoming internationally known since late 2007 due to a geographical survey conducted by the Geographical Institute of Peru .</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The top of the waterfall is located at 2723,6 meters above sea level, while the bottom stands at 1828,1 meters above sea level; being 895,5 meters the total height of the waterfall. The height was measured with the help of laser instruments by a geographical survey of the National Geographic Institute of Peru (IGN) in 2007. This area is part of the Eastern Peruvian Andes, also known as Cordillera Oriental, more precisely, part of a mountain massif called Cerro Panhuayco.</p><br>
<p>Yumbilla is considered a tiered type waterfall, since it comprises four or five sections or drops. The stream is reported to come from a cave named "Caverna San Francisco".</p><br>
<h2>Climate</h2><br>
<p>The reported mean temperature in the area is 22 °C, with a rainy season from December to April.</p><br>
<h2>Ecology</h2><br>
<h3>Flora</h3><br>
<p>The area around the waterfall is covered with montane forest vegetation. Bromeliads, orchids (Epidendrum secundum, Fernandezia ionanthera, Oncidium scansor), palms (Ceroxylon parvifrons), Andean alders (Alnus acuminata) and tree ferns (Cyathea spp.) are commonly found in the area.</p><br>
<h3>Fauna</h3><br>
<p>Animals reported in the area include birds like the Andean cock-of-the-rock and the marvellous spatuletail hummingbird; and mammals like the spectacled bear and the yellow-tailed woolly monkey.</p><br>
<h2>Tourism</h2><br>
<p>From Cuispes, it takes 1-1.5 hours (6 km.) to reach Yumbilla waterfall by foot or on mule. It is advisable to hire a local guide.</p><br>
<p>The main activities in the area are hiking and wildlife watching.</p><br>
<p>There are also other waterfalls nearby, the most remarkable being: Pabellón (400 meters high) and Chinata (580 meters high), both within 4 km in a straight line.</p><br>
<p>The Soul Harvest Ministries is located at 16300 Woodward Avenue in Highland Park, Michigan. It was built in 1916 as the First United Methodist Church and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1868, a frame chapel for interdenominational services was built behind where the First United Methodist Church currently stands. Membership in this church declined in the 1880s, and the structure became an Episcopal chapel in 1885. In 1892, the chapel was sold to the Methodists for $1 (and assumption of the church debt).</p><br>
<p>The Methodist congregation received financial support from Michigan Senator Thomas Palmer and a retired Great Lakes sea captain, Thomas Stevens. This support allowed then to construct the present Gothic structure, which was built from 1916 to 1917. In 1956, the original frame chapel behind the present church was demolished, and a contemporary educational building was constructed.</p><br>
<p>Soul Harvest Ministries has occupied the building since 1995.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The church is an Arts and Crafts influenced, Gothic-style structure, constructed from red brick and trimmed with limestone. The Woodward Avenue elevation is a three-story gabled facade with banks of leaded windows, unified by projecting brick piers with limestone detailing. A square, flat-roofed tower with a louvered belfry graces the corner of the building. The main entrance, on the Church Street elevation, is sheltered by a broad arch in the base of the tower. The Church Street elevation also has two bays containing Gothic arched windows with gabled dormers. Ornamental brickwork is placed throughout the exterior.</p><br>
<p>The interior of the church is a modified Akron Plan, with a two-story central nave with sloping floors containing theatre seating. Perimeter spaces contain classrooms and overflow seating. The sanctuary is sightly raised and paneled in dark oak with a pitched beamed ceiling. It contains a carved wood altar, lecturn, and organ. The interior contains tiled floors, Arts and Crafts style oak woodwork, and tapestry brick wainscoting inset with Pewabic tiles throughout.</p><br>
<p>The Silas Williams House, also known as the Edward Baker House, is a historic Queen Anne house in the city of Streator, Illinois. The building was added to the USA National Register of Historic Places in 1976.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Silas Williams House was built by its first owner, Silas Williams, around 1893. Williams, originally from Ottawa, Illinois, was a paper mill owner who also owned many properties throughout Streator. He constructed many homes around the city.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The Williams House is a two story frame building with a full basement and an attic. It is cast in the Queen Anne style of architecture. It contains many projecting and receding forms, common of Queen Anne houses. Some of those include its multiple gables, and its polygonal and round and towers. The interior is largely open on the first floor and much of the interior details and woodwork remain intact.</p><br>
<h2>Historic significance</h2><br>
<p>The Williams House has two main areas of importance, architecture and local history. As one of the last "great" 19th Century houses in Streator it stands as a symbol to its builder and his accomplishments in early Streator. The house is also important architecturally. Its open floor plan carries the Queen Anne style further than any other house in the state of Illinois. The Silas Williams House was added to the National Register of Historic Places on June 23, 1976.</p><br>
<p>Piana  is a historical village of Arcadia and one of the most beautiful traditional Greek villages of Peloponnese. It is built at the Mainalo mountain, near the ruins of the ancient city Dipaia . Its population was 70 at the 2011 census.</p><br>
<p>The name of Piana is connected with the mythological god Pan (modern Greek: Πάνας), who, according to the ancient Greek mythology, had the legs of the goat under his human body. Piana belongs to the province of Mantineia and constitutes today a municipal department of the municipality of Falanthos.</p><br>
<h2>Locality and access to Piana</h2><br>
<p>Piana is built in sides of mountain range of Mainalo in altitude of 1090 metres and with Eastern report. The distance from Athens is roughly 190 kilometres that are covered by road in roughly two hours. Piana is found in southernly the capital of Prefecture Arkadia, that is Tripoli, and it abstains from this 19 kilometres. The access in the village becomes following the road axis Tripoli-Alonistaina-Vytina, following the bypass to the left in the 18th km, through a green forest route which crosses the evergreen region of Mainalo.</p><br>
<p>In the square of Piana dominates the church of Saint Georgios. The church is built on imposing rock in the centre of village. The church of Saint Georgios is a basilica with three aisles, a dome and two splendidly stonebuild belfries. The trunke of church is from stone and during Ottoman domination, it was a castle.</p><br>
<p>Piana is a member village of the municipality of Falanthos and it is very close to the other villages of Falanthos like Alonistaina, Chrysovitsi, Roeino, Davia, Zarakova, Mantaiika, Tselepakos and Silimna. Moreover, visitors of the very famous nearby destinations like Vitina, Stemnitsa and Dimitsana can easily visit Piana.</p><br>
<h2>The role of Piana during the Greek Revolution of 1821</h2><br>
<p>At the revolution of 1821 the village played decisive role due to difficulties to access. For this reason the region around Piana constituted the ideal den for the Armatoloi and Kleftes.</p><br>
<p>In Piana were organised by Theodoros Kolokotronis the first military departments that strengthened the battle of Valtetsi and dominated over Turks in Tripolitsa later on. The name of Piana is historically unbreakably connected with the catering of Kolokotronis armed forces with the essentials for their winning battles.</p><br>
<p>In the courtyard of another beautiful church of the village, named Panagitsa Polykammeni, because of the repeatedly Turk&#39;s efforts to ruin it with fire, it is saved today a traditional wood-oven. By the ovens of Piana the Greek camps of revolution, were provided with bread.</p><br>
<h2>Limpovisi</h2><br>
<p>In distance of 7 kilometres of westwards Piana is found the historical Limpovisi(Λιμποβίσι). It is the Homeland of Kolokotronis&#39; Family and the natural space in which he grew during his childhood and also acted Theodoros Kolokotronis or Geros Tou Moria(Γέρος Του Μωριά). At the inventory of Enetoi(Ενετοί) in 1711 were recorded 500 residents at Limpovisi. Nowadays at Limpovisi, the House of Kolokotronis family has been restored and functions as a museum. In the courtyard of Limpovisi also exists the country church of Ai-Yannis(Άι-Γιάννης).</p><br>
<p>The wider space of Limpovisi was reformed with donation of the unforgettable Panagiotis Aggelopoulos in the year 1990. In the square functions also municipal refreshment stand.</p><br>
<h2>Arkoudorema</h2><br>
<p>In small distance from Limpovisi, is found the depopulated village Arkoudorema (Αρκουδόρεμα). Arkoudorema, existed up to 1930-31 and together with the Limpovisi, administratively belonged to the village of Piana. Deep in the gorge of Arkoudorema, ruins of the old Arkoudorema houses are saved until today.</p><br>
<p>Worthseeing is also the renovated stone tap of Arkoudorema, that is found very near to the church of Virgin Mary of Arkoudorema. The church of Virgin Mary of Arkoudorema was built in 1719.</p><br>
<p>The waters from the Arkoudorema gorge meet with those of the Elissonas River which crosses the plain of Piana.</p><br>
<p>Arkoudorema is of equal historical importance with that of Limpovisi, because his embossed territory it constituted also this place suitable for reorganization of armed forces before the historical battles of 1821.</p><br>
<h2>The Folklore Museum of Piana</h2><br>
<p>In the village functions the Folklore Museum of Piana with richly as much as unique exhibits.</p><br>
<p>This exhibits are constituted by infrequent collections of utensiles and vessels and are related with the daily life of previous generations of Piana residents, religious and ecclesiastical heirlooms, as well as samples of martial equipment of the fighters of the Greek Revolution of 1821.</p><br>
<p>The exclusive assiduity and support of this effort came solely from the Papanikolas Institution Beneficial to the Public.</p><br>
<h2>The Elissonas River</h2><br>
<p>The plain of Piana is crossed by the Elissonas River. The waters of Elissonas river gush from the sources of the foot of Pianovouni and it gives life to the very few residents of region that cultivate the ground or raise their animals. Important part of these sources&#39; water of Elisson River is collected for the water supply of the residents of Tripolis, the Capital of the Arkadian prefecture.</p><br>
<p>In the middle of the plain of Piana, the waters of the Elisson river are lost deep in the ground and it is believed that they do appear again in the region of Megalopolis. At length dormitory of river Elisson used to function 12 stone watermills for the grinding of cereals of the region and 6 traditional stone washing factories (Νεροτριβή) for the washing of the heavy clothing. Some of these buildings are saved until our days in very good situation.</p><br>
<h2>The Pianovouni Mountain and Pan</h2><br>
<p>In the mountain that is found above the sources of Elisson river that called Pianovouni(Πιανοβούνι), is found the cave of the god Pan. The local fable, wants Pan to live in this cave and with his flute to flood with magic sounds the marvelous ravine of the Elisson Sources.</p><br>
<p>Also, the etymology of name of Piana is brought to be connected with the God Panas.</p><br>
<h2>Main cultivation and the products of Piana</h2><br>
<p>The main products are potatoes, walnuts, tomatoes, courgettes, cauliflowers and beans.</p><br>
<p>Traditionally Piana was very famous for the high production of apples and constituted very important income for the local economy. Particularly acquaintance was the cultivated variety Delicious Pilafa Tripoleos Apples (Μήλα Τριπόλεως). Today the cultivation of the apple trees has been minimized in total and just meets the needs of the Piana residents.</p><br>
<p>The main causes that the culture of apple trees were abandoned, particularly the variety Pilafa Delicious, is related to the increased needs of trees in farming care as well as in not guaranteed and unstable output from year-to-year mainly due to the unfavourable meteorological conditions or the apple trees diseases.</p><br>
<p>Moreover, because a very important part of the ground of Piana as well as of the wider region, is covered with firs, it is produced honey of fir of high quality (Μέλι Ελάτης) as well as the acquaintance for the flavour of Honey of Fir Mainalou Vanilla(Μέλι Ελάτης Μαινάλου Βανίλια).</p><br>
<h2>The Weather Conditions of Piana</h2><br>
<p>The climate of Piana is mountainous. During the winter there are enough rainfalls, snowfalls and frost, while in the summertime are presented big fluctuations in the temperature of day-night.</p><br>
<p>The Bray Place in Louisville, Kentucky refers to the early farmstead and home built in 1796 by Major Samuel E. Bray and his wife, Nancy Lyle Bray from Virginia. The 210 acre was granted by Thomas Jefferson  to Bray as payment for serving in the Revolutionary War and surveying what was then Virginia. It was bordered by what is now Bardstown Road, Goldsmith Lane and Hikes Lane. The original neighbors were Edward Hikes, Andrew Hikes, and John & Lucy Speed who were parents of Joshua & James Speed. Abraham Lincoln visited the area in August, 1841 for 3 weeks after breaking his engagement with Mary Todd due to her parent&#39;s disapproval of the match. The visit to Farmington and the neighboring Bray family restored his happiness and was known to be one of the happiest times of his life.</p><br>
<h2>Building details</h2><br>
<p>The two-story home is of the same architectural style (Federal) as nearby Farmington Historic Home which was built a few years later in 1815 (and interestingly has the same setback from Bardstown Road).</p><br>
<p>The house and land have seen several changes over their lifetime. A front addition to reorient the house to face Bardstown Road was created in 1820. A front porch was added in 1890. A back porch conversion from a laundry room and servant&#39;s quarters into a structure to house the latest invention (an automobile) was made in 1914. The sun-room built off the original south-facing front door was added in 1920. Parts of the property were parceled off and sold due to pressure for suburban growth after World War II. Seneca High School and Goldsmith Elementary School were built on parcels from the farm in the 1950s. More land was sold off due to demand from the ever-growing suburbs and it was eventually reduced to roughly 2 and a half acres to create a remnant green space in its suburban context. A rain garden, extensive landscaping, along with structural improvements and cosmetic enhancements were made in 2007-2008.</p><br>
<p>Since Samuel Bray the house has also seen several changes in ownership: Milton Smith (President of L&N RR)and his wife Anna in 1885; George Scoggan (1888) who turned it into a horse farm which produced several Ky Derby contestants and a Derby winner ("Lookout" in 1893); the MODYS family (1977) who had connections to Farmington & placed the home on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980; the Sanders family (1996) who helped it become a Bellarmine Showcase Home; and Cynthia Cooke (2007) who made many improvements to the land and house and turned it into Bashford Manor Bed and Breakfast (www.bashfordmanor.com).</p><br>
<p>It is on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>This home is one of the oldest surviving residences within the Louisville City limits. The structure consists of 3 sections of various construction dates which combine to create a very unusual and aesthetic architectural work. It is a significant element of the community both architecturally and historically.</p><br>
<p>The original Bray dwelling was a two-story, 3 bay brick Federal structure with an asymmetric façade built c1796. The staircase in this section leads to the attic. The front door faced Beargrass Creek to the south, now leading into a 1920 sun-room addition. The main block of the house oriented to face Bardstown Road is a Federal I type structure. The construction date of this section is 1820, funded by the original Samuel Bray family. It is typical of the Federal farmhouse, with a five bay, symmetrical façade and a hall-parlor plan. The one story front porch was added c1890 by the George Scoggan family, who transformed the farm in 1888 to a horse farm/stable and thoroughbred training facility. The Victorian-style addition of c1890 is the back 1-story 3 room addition, connected on the east wall of the original structure. All parts of the house contain most of their original features, included presses that flank the fireplaces in the original section of the house.</p><br>
<h2>Ownership</h2><br>
<p>Samuel Bray died c1845. He was a merchant and land investor, farmer and legislator, serving in 1820 on the Kentucky State Legislature.</p><br>
<p>The property went to his unmarried daughter, Nancy Chenoweth Bray, who held the farm until her death in the last months of the Civil War, February, 1865. The Farm was requisitioned as a Union encampment part of that time. Photos of civil war carvings on a huge old tree found on the property are featured in Mary Garry and Irma Raque&#39;s upcoming area history book.</p><br>
<p>Nancy Bray&#39;s sister, Evalina Bray, married Dr. Samuel Shipp, and inherited the property in 1865, to raise their family here until selling it to neighbor Milton Smith, President of the L&N Railroad, and wife, Annette in 1885.</p><br>
<p>In 1888, the Smiths sold the farm to George Scoggan in whose family it remained until 1977. George produced many Derby contenders including the famous first winner of the Futurity in 1888, Proctor Knott, the 2:1 Derby favorite of 1889… "the best bred horse in America".</p><br>
<p>A visit by Jesse James brother, Frank James, on Derby Eve 1889 to this home altered the race outcome to his advantage. Records indicate his influence on the jockey to throw the race in favor of 10:1 odds horse, Spokane. James bet $5000 to win on Spokane. The track also bet this method, while the populace bet on Proctor Knott. It was the largest attendance to date and the fastest track to date. Proctor Knott was false started twice to race an eighth mile down the track and back, then after the race began, was run against the outside rail when Spokane ran the inside rail to win by only a nose.</p><br>
<p>George Scoggan&#39;s daughter, Mary, married Alonzo Jones in 1893, a year before George died, and the couple raised five children at the house.</p><br>
<h3>Modern times</h3><br>
<p>Several neighboring historic homes were razed after World War II for commercial and residential development, particularly in the 1970s. Betty and Robert Modys bought it in 1977 and placed it on the National Register of Historic Places in August, 1980 (Betty was the Director of Farmington, historic home of the Speed Family, north-west neighbors of the Bray Family). The home was thus saved from post war developers who could have placed 14 homes around it. This property is the last of the area&#39;s horse farm manor houses and is protected and sustainable now as a fashionable Bed & Breakfast.</p><br>
<p>The Modys Family sold to the Sanders in 1996, who opened the home as the Bellarmine University Women&#39;s Council Show House that year. They recently sold the home (November 2007) to educator and preservationist, Cynthia Cooke.</p><br>
<p>The Bray Family history research is still underway. Letters written extensively in the 1830s are on file in the Filson Club and more information is sought, especially location of the horse and family grave yards, the surveys discovered in the attic and family photos and stories.</p><br>
<p>The Peter Faneuil School is an historic school building at 60 Joy Street on Beacon Hill in Boston, Massachusetts. It is a four-story brick building with limestone trim, built in 1910 to designs by the Boston firm of Kelly and Graves. It is named for Peter Faneuil, the benefactor who gave Faneuil Hall to the city. Its construction represented an early form of urban renewal, as the area it occupies was cleared of wooden tenement housing. During most of the twentieth century the Peter Faneuil School served as an elementary school for Beacon Hill residents.</p><br>
<p>In 1975, the Educational Collaborative of Greater Boston (EDCO) opened The Lab ( Learning about Boston) School, as a voluntary desegregation secondary school project. 75 high School students from 22 different school districts chose to attend the program which was based on a handful of majors chosen by the students, Students could opt for Dramatic Arts, Communications, Marine Biology, Environmental Studies. Adventure and History, in addition to taking elective and required courses in traditional and not so traditional subjects. At the start of each semester, students and staff spent several days at Boston University&#39;s Sargent Camp Outdoor Adventure Program to get to know one another and to participate in trust-building activities. Outdoor adventure at LAB School included a notable rappel by the students down the front of the Peter Faneuil School building. During its year and a half of existence, the students and staff published several volumes of an original, creative writing and art magazine, LAByrinths.The LAB School continued for another year as a full-time program, succeeding in creating genuine integration among students and staff. Attendance, even for the less-likely-to-succeed students was high, and reading scores soared. At its height of success, LAB School served 150 students. As state and federal funding for desegregation projects waned, LAB School ended. Several of the staff, including Bernice Lockhart, director, remained at the location, and transitioned into another, part-time EDCO project, called Metropathways.</p><br>
<p>Between 1976 and 1989 the Peter Faneuil School changed use and housed a small college preparatory program sponsored by the University of Massachusetts named ACC or Another Course To College. ACC, a back to basics advanced program, was created as a safety net for academically strong and/or gifted students of the Boston public schools. Acceptance was based on GPA, IQ based entrance exam, and/or teacher recommendation.</p><br>
<p>After the ACC/UMASS program was cut the Peter Faneuil School closed and In 1994 was converted into apartments.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1994,</p><br>
<p>Headquarters House, also known as the William Hickling Prescott House, is an historic house museum located at 55 Beacon Street on Beacon Hill in Boston, Massachusetts. It is the left-hand portion of a double townhouse at 54–55 Beacon Street, seen in the photograph. The townhouse, built in 1808 to a design by Asher Benjamin, was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1964 for its association with William Hickling Prescott , one of the nation&#39;s first historians. The house is now a museum operated by the Massachusetts chapter of the National Society of the Colonial Dames of America, which purchased it for its headquarters in 1944.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>Built in 1808, the twin houses were designed by architect Asher Benjamin. Still nearly mirror images of one another, they are four stories in height and three bays wide. The outer two bays of each unit are part of a rounded bay front, delineated by pilasters rising from the top of the first story porch to the roof. The porch is supported by a Doric colonnade, and follows the line of the rounded bays. The doorways are in the innermost bays, flanked by sidelight windows and topped by a fanlight.</p><br>
<p>The left side, 55 Beacon Street is named for William Hickling Prescott, a nearly blind historian from a prominent Boston family, The Dames restored Prescott&#39;s study to its original state in 1968, based on historical documents.</p><br>
<p>The houses original owner was James Smith Colburn, a successful Boston merchant. He commissioned Asher Benjamin to build the double town houses on land he purchased from the Mount Vernon Proprietors. Originally, the structures were free-standing and would have had a water view (before the filling of the area that is now the Boston Public Garden). They were the height of fashion in the Early Republic. Prescott purchased his house in 1845 and after his death, his wife sold it to cousins, the Dexters. They made significant changes to the house: updating the stairwell, adding an elevator and reconfiguring Prescotts library into a dining room.</p><br>
<p>The house was designated a USA National Historic Landmark in 1964, and was listed on National Register of Historic Places in 1966, for its association with Prescott, who gained a reputation for his books on Spanish (and Spanish colonial) history. His 1837 History of the Conquest of Mexico received great acclaim both in the United States and in Europe. Due to his blindness (caused by an incident during a bar brawl), he employed researchers and secretaries to acquire documents and prepare his manuscripts.</p><br>
<p>One of the two units (possibly both) is memorialized as a Victorian dollhouse at the Cayuga Art Museum in Auburn, New York.</p><br>
<p>Filene&#39;s Department Store was a historic department store building at 426 Washington Street in Downtown Crossing, Boston, Massachusetts. It was the flagship store of the department store chain. The building has been renovated and now serves as the offices for Havas and Arnold Worldwide. The building is partly maintained as part of the Millennium Tower under construction as of 2016.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Development and use</h3><br>
<p>The building was completed in 1912 as a new flagship location for William Filene and Sons&#39; department store, better known as. By 1929 Filene’s expanded the flagship building, converting the whole block around Washington, Summer, Hawley and Franklin streets into one department store. This was the last major project by legendary Chicago architect Daniel Burnham and his only work in Boston. This building was widely regarded as one of the best examples of Beaux Arts architecture in Boston.</p><br>
<p>In 1986, the Filenes Building was added to the National Register of Historic Places. In 2006, Filenes stores were merged with Macys phasing out the Filenes name. In a normal store merger, the old stores are converted into the new stores. But this was a problem in Boston, because the Filenes building was located across the street from another Macys store. When Filenes did close, the Boston Landmarks Commission unanimously voted to protect two of the historic buildings that housed Filenes in Boston. The two oldest buildings were protected including the main 1912 Filenes store building and a 1905 former glassware and china sellers building on the opposite corner. Two newer buildings, built in 1951 and 1973, were not protected, and were demolished in 2008.</p><br>
<h3>Sale and refurbishment</h3><br>
<p>After the store closed, the building was put up for sale and was eventually bought by Vornado Realty Trust of New York. Vornado teamed up with Gale International for a $700 million redevelopment of the Filenes site. The project contained a 39-story tower including a 280-room hotel, 125-seat restaurant, 475,000 ft&sup2; of office space, 166 residential condos, 300,000 ft&sup2; of retail space, and an adjacent park. Although the Filene’s Building is protected by the Landmarks Commission, it only protected the facade of the buildings. This allowed the developers of the site to rip out the buildings interior, leaving the exterior to stand on its own. However, when the project ran out of money, the site was left completely gutted and missing walls from the razed 1951 and 1973 additions. The city of Boston eventually revoked the permit on the project.</p><br>
<p>The site was taken over by another developer, Millennium Partners of New York. Plans include 135,000 ft&sup2; of retail on the lower floors and nearly 200,000 ft&sup2; office space on the upper floors, including a restoration of many original architectural details. The project also includes a glass tower next door, which will contain 450 luxury residences and another 95,000 ft&sup2; of retail space.</p><br>
<p>Irish clothing company Primark opened its first US store September 10, 2015 on the first four floors of the restored Burnham Building; Roche Bros. supermarket occupy the basement, with an additional grab-and-go shop at street level on Summer Street. Havas and Arnold Worldwide occupy floors 5-8.</p><br>
<p>Newspaper Row is now a historic district at 322-328 Washington Street, 5-23 Milk Street, and 11 Hawley Street in Boston, Massachusetts.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In its heyday, from the late 1800s to the early 1940s, the area was home to many of Bostons newspapers. As Boston Globe historian Thomas F. Mulvoy Jr. explains, "In the pre-radio era, newspapers along the Row, which began at Milk Street and wound its way down to the Old State House about 200 yards away, spread the news not only in their broadsheet pages but also on blackboards and bulletin boards outside their offices that would lure large crowds anxious to get the very latest telegraphic news flashes on big events like elections, John L. Sullivans latest fight, and the World Series."</p><br>
<p>In its first incarnation, Newspaper Row was located between State and Water Streets, in the financial district. But gradually, as the city expanded and more department stores and other businesses opened in the vicinity of Washington Street, the major newspapers moved closer to the center of commerce. By the early 1900s, according to the Boston City Directory, the Boston Globe was at 244 Washington Street, the Boston Evening Transcript was at 324 Washington (at Milk Street), the Boston Post was at 261 Washington Street, the Boston Journal was at 264 Washington Street, and the Associated Press was at 293 Washington Street. Other Boston news services, including the Boston Herald and Boston Traveler, were not far from Newspaper Row. It was a noisy, crowded, narrow part of downtown Boston, but those who worked there did not seem to mind. As Herbert Kenny, a long-time Boston Globe reporter, wrote, "Newspaper Row... was unique. Mingling at Thompson&#39;s Spa were politicians from the State House and City Hall, judges and lawyers from the courthouse, and Yankees from the financial district, along with cops, bookies, bootleggers and reporters, all swapping ideas, compliments, insults and inside information..."</p><br>
<p>Newspaper Row became a gathering place for the public too, especially during major events like presidential elections, the World Series or the Harvard-Yale football game. Thousands would pack the narrow streets to hear the latest reports. Newspapers would receive bulletins by telegraph and then a staff-member either posted them on a blackboard, or announced the news to the crowd, by means of a megaphone. There was intense competition between the newspapers to see who could get the headlines first.</p><br>
<p>Newspaper Row was also utilized for promotions, publicity stunts, and advocacy; large numbers of people stopped by to read the headlines or listen to updates, and proponents of various causes would try to get their attention. A good example occurred in 1909, when supporters of giving women the vote sold copies of their pro-suffrage newspaper and engaged people in conversation about suffrage. Another example occurred in 1914, when the Boston Post raised enough funds to purchase three new elephants for the Franklin Park Zoo; the newspaper then held a parade on Newspaper Row and thousands of school children got the chance to meet the elephants.</p><br>
<p>As the years passed, people became able to receive news and bulletins from radio, and no longer needed to wait on Washington Street for the latest headlines. Gradually, the crowds on Newspaper Row diminished. Newspapers either closed down or moved to larger quarters. The last newspaper to abandon Newspaper Row was the Boston Globe, in May 1958</p><br>
<p>Newspaper Row was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1983. And in 2003, the Bostonian Society placed a historical marker at the former home of the Boston Globe, 244 Washington Street.</p><br>
<h2>Image gallery</h2><br>
<p>The Suffolk County Courthouse, now formally the John Adams Courthouse, is a historic courthouse building at 3 Pemberton Square in Boston, Massachusetts. It is home to the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court  and the Massachusetts Appeals Court. Built in 1893, it was the major work of Bostons first city architect, George Clough, and is one of the city&#39;s few surviving late 19th-century monumental civic buildings. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The John Adams Courthouse is located on the west side of Pemberton Square, now little more than an open plaza bounded by the courthouse on the west, and the backside of the curved Center Plaza building, which faces Tremont Street opposite the Boston City Hall plaza. The courthouse is a six story granite structure, fifteen bays wide, with an eclectic stylistic composition. Its first 1-1/2 floor function by appearance as an elevated basement, with small arched windows close to the ground, above which are larger rectangular windows divided in the upper third by a stone stringcourse. Above this basement level is an arcaded mezzanine of large round-arch openings in which paired sash windows are topped by a half-round transom. A dentillated cornice separates this level from a narrower band of three-part windows, above which is a two-level mansard roof pierced by a variety of dormers. There are projecting pavilions at the ends of the main facade, rising to the top of the mezzanine level on the sides, and the full roof height on the front.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The courthouse was built in 1893 to a design by Boston city architect George Clough. Stylistically the building was described at the time as "German Renaissance&quot it is now viewed as transitional between the monumental Second Empire style of Boston&#39;s Old City Hall and the Classical Revival. Of the many buildings Clough designed for the city, this is his largest and most elaborate design. Clough also designed the 1909 enlargement of the structure, which added the French Chateau-style roof.</p><br>
<p>From 1893 to 1938, the Supreme Judicial Court and the Social Law Library occupied the building, known then as the Suffolk County Courthouse. In 2002, the Supreme Judicial Court, the Massachusetts Appeals Court, and the Social Law Library returned to the restored building, which was renamed the John Adams Courthouse.</p><br>
<p>The JA Ranch, jointly founded by John George Adair and Charles Goodnight, is the oldest privately owned cattle ranch in the Palo Duro Canyon section of the Texas Panhandle southeast of Amarillo. At its peak size in 1883, the JA, still run by descendants of the Adair family, encompassed some 1,335,000 acre of land in six counties and a herd of 100,000 cattle. The name "JA" is derived from the initials of John Adair, a businessman from Ireland. Goodnight managed and expanded the ranch, while Adair provided the working capital. Upon Adairs death, his wife, the former Cornelia Wadsworth Ritchie, took over Adairs interest in the JA. In 1888, Goodnight left the arrangement to establish his own ranch and in time ventured into other business activities, as well. The ranch was added to the National Register of Historic Places listings in Armstrong County, Texas in 1966.</p><br>
<h2>Cornelia Adair</h2><br>
<p>Cornelia Wadsworth was born in 1837 in Geneseo, the seat of Livingston County in western New York. In 1857, she married Montgomery Harrison Ritchie (1826–1864) of Boston, a descendant of the Federalist Party leader Harrison Gray Otis (1765–1848). During the American Civil War, Ritchie served with the New England Guard. After the Battle of the Wilderness in Virginia in 1864, he crossed Confederate lines to retrieve the body of his fallen father-in-law, General James Samuel Wadsworth, Sr., (1807–1864), and return it to Geneseo. Cornelia was reared near Geneseo on a farm that her ancestors had purchased from the Senecas.</p><br>
<p>A few months later, Ritchie, who had fought earlier in the war under General Ambrose E. Burnside in North Carolina, died of an illness during the war.</p><br>
<p>Widowed Cornelia Ritchie took her two sons, Arthur Ritchie and James Wadsworth "Jack" Ritchie (1861–1924), to Europe for their education. There, she met and married in 1867 the wealthy landowner John Adair (March 3, 1823 – May 4, 1885). The Adairs moved to New York City, where Adair had established a brokerage office. His uneasy temperament led the family west in search of what Benjamin Franklin had once described as the "safety valve" of economic prosperity through westward expansion. They reached Sidney, Nebraska, and proceeded to Colorado, where they joined Charles Goodnights buffalo hunt. Goodnight told the Adairs about the Palo Duro country of Texas, where cattle could thrive by grazing on the plains in the summer and spending the winter in the shelter of the canyon. The hunting trip ended in misfortune. Adairs gun accidentally discharged and killed his horse, and Adair himself was injured in a fall.</p><br>
<h2>Palo Duro country</h2><br>
<p>In 1876, a year after the Kiowas and Comanches had been forced onto a reservation, Goodnight became the first cattleman to bring herds onto the Llano Estacado, or the South Plains of West Texas. He drove 1,600 head of Longhorns from Pueblo, Colorado, to the Palo Duro to establish the "Old Home Ranch" near the Prairie Dog Town Fork Red River in southwestern Armstrong County near the site where United States Army Colonel Ranald S. Mackenzie (1840–1889) had fought the Indians in 1874 in what is called the Battle of Palo Duro Canyon. Goodnight&#39;s ranch consisted of corrals and picket houses built from timber cut in the canyon.</p><br>
<p>Goodnight outfitted his men and cattle for the winter and returned to Colorado to bring his first wife, the former Mary Ann “Molly” Dyer, a teacher from Weatherford in Parker County west of Fort Worth, to their new homestead. The Goodnights, the Adairs, and four cowboys, arrived at the Old Home Ranch with breeding bulls and ranching provisions. On June 18, 1877, Goodnight and Adair inked their five-year partnership, which stipulated that Adair would supply the capital and, at Goodnight’s suggestion, the "JA" initials, and Goodnight would provide the daily management. The agreement called for Adair to receive two-thirds of the property and profits. Goodnight would receive the other one-third plus an annual salary of $2,500. Goodnight borrowed his third of the investment from Adair at 10% interest. The ranch began with a meager 1,500 cattle and 2,500 acre.</p><br>
<h2>Expanding the JA Ranch</h2><br>
<p>Goodnight then purchased the ranch from Jot Gunter and William B. Munson, Sr. for 75 cents per acre. In the next two years, he continued buying premium pieces of property in a peculiar arrangement around a 75 mi stretch of the Palo Duro, careful to select the best grazing and watered land. In 1878, Goodnight drove the first JA trail herd, led by his ox, Old Blue, north to Dodge City in western Kansas, the nearest railhead. In 1879, he moved the ranch headquarter to the foot of the Caprock, some 25 miles east of the Home Ranch. He built a four-room house of cedar (juniper) logs and supervised construction of a bunkhouse, a bookkeepers residence, a wagon bosss house, a blacksmith shop, a wagonyard, and a milk- and meat-cooling shed. Later, the two-story, 19-room main house was added. The old Home Ranch house was then used as a line camp until it burned on Christmas Eve 1904.</p><br>
<h2>Goodnight as ranch manager</h2><br>
<p>Goodnight, who was described by his biographer, J. Evetts Haley, as “religious and reverential by nature,” allowed no gambling, whiskey, theft, or fighting among the cowboys, nor would he hire a worker who had been dismissed elsewhere for those offenses. Goodnights brothers-in-law, Walter and Leigh R. Dyer, worked temporarily for the JA during trail drives and roundups. Goodnight improved the quality of the cattle through the importation of blooded stock. In 1882, he built what is thought to have been the Panhandles first barbed wire fence across a canyon bed to separate the purebred cattle (with a JJ brand) from the regular JA stock. He also maintained a bison herd, which he bred with cattle to produce the “cattalo”, also known as the ”beefalo”.</p><br>
<p>By the time the Adair-Goodnight contract expired in 1882, the ranch had bought 93,000 acre. Goodnight acquired for Cornelia Adair the Quitaque Ranch, or the Lazy F, in Briscoe County. The ranch realized a profit of more than $512,000, a large sum at that time. The JA housed the Palo Duro post office. The two planned to renew the contract. Goodnight fenced the Quitaque and added the Tule Ranch in Swisher County. Other purchases brought the ranch to its peak 1,350,000 acre-size, covering portions of Randall, Hall, Donley, Armstrong, Briscoe, and Swisher Counties.</p><br>
<p>Adair died in 1885, after only his third visit to the JA. Cornelia, widowed for the second time after 18 years of marriage, continued the partnership, but sometimes questioned Goodnight’s judgment. For the rest of her life, Cornelia took an intense personal interest in the growth and operation of the ranch, though she was often in England or Ireland. She insisted on a remuda of all bay horses, and imported purebred Hereford cattle from England. In 1887, Goodnight withdrew from the arrangement and limited his ranching activities. Falling beef prices, the arrival of farmers to the canyon, the decline of the open range, and the arrival of the Fort Worth and Denver Railway were obstacles to continued large-scale ranching. In the dissolution, Goodnight acquired the 140,000 acre Quitaque Ranch in Briscoe County with 20,000 head of cattle and remained manager of the JA for another year.</p><br>
<h2>Later ranch managers</h2><br>
<p>In 1888, Cornelia Adair named John Edward Farrington as manager, though Goodnight had specifically trained Henry Webster Taylor for the position. Jack Ritchie, Mrs. Adair&#39;s son by her first marriage, served briefly as foreman of the JA’s steer division in Tule Canyon before he returned to New York City to handle the purchase of JA horses for the municipal police department.</p><br>
<p>Arthur Tisdale succeeded Farrington as JA manager in 1891, but was replaced in 1892 by Richard Walsh, an Irish immigrant who had been with the ranch since 1885. Improvements continued to be made through crossbreeding with blooded Hereford and Angus stock. Walsh soon built one of the finest-quality herds of cattle in the nation.</p><br>
<p>As the railroads brought more settlers, the JA began leasing and selling excess pasture. In 1891, a school (named the "Heckman school" after ranch homesteader John Heckman on whose camp the school was erected) opened near JA headquarters for the children of ranch employees and neighboring settlers. Over the years, the ranch was gradually reduced in size as longtime employees began their own operations on former JA lands. In 1917, Edward D. Harrell purchased the acreage where the Old Home Ranch was located.</p><br>
<h2>USA Senator James Wadsworth</h2><br>
<p>After Walsh resigned as manager in 1910, John S. Summerfield served for a year in that capacity. His successor was James Wolcott Wadsworth, Jr., a nephew of Cornelia Adair. Cornelia came across Wadsworth in England and offered him the vacant position. He was the manager until 1915, when he was elected as a Republican to the United States Senate from his home state of New York. He was also a former Speaker of the New York Assembly and a future member of the United States House of Representatives, serving in the House after his Senate tenure, much in the tradition of Florida&#39;s late lawmaker Claude Pepper. Though Texas at the time was historically Democrat, many of the Adairs were of Republican affiliation or sympathy.</p><br>
<h2>Troubles with Timothy Hobart</h2><br>
<p>On Wadsworth’s popular-vote election to the Senate under the new Seventeenth Amendment to the Constitution of the United States, Timothy Dwight Hobart, a Vermont native living in Pampa in Gray County in the eastern Panhandle, became the new manager. Hobart discouraged Cornelia’s young grandson, Montgomery Harrison Wadsworth "Montie" Ritchie (1910–1999), from remaining at the ranch, perhaps because Hobart’s son wanted to become the manager. Montie, who held dual British and American citizenship, was hence given all the toughest horses to ride, and he was once abandoned by the hands after a bronco bucked him.</p><br>
<p>Cornelia Adair designated Hobart and Dallas lawyer Henry C. Coke as executors of her estate. She died in England in December 1921. Earlier in the year, Cornelia had been at the JA and posed for a picture with the ranch hands on the celebration of her 84th and last birthday. In her will, Cornelia left most JA properties to son Jack Ritchie, and his heirs, including Jack’s sons. Her estate also put a financial burden on the JA for payment of her other debts. The Adair estate, with its accompanying debts and inheritances, was finally settled in 1948.</p><br>
<p>Cornelia at one point had ordered Jack to vacate the ranch, motivated by Goodnight’s allegations that Jack had been caught drinking and shooting craps with the cowboys. She intended for Jack to pursue a business career beyond “punching cows”, but instead Jack became a sportsman and worldwide adventurer. Jack had told Montie how his own brief time at the JA had been the happiest of his entire life, and he encouraged his older son to consider management of the JA.</p><br>
<p>Hobart had operated the White Deer Land and Cattle Company from 1903-1924 in Pampa and was more experienced in the sale of land than the management of cattle. He had recommended selling the ranch, as it sunk into financial problems stemming from the Great Depression and a decade of drought, but Montie Ritchie persisted with the first goal of paying off the debt. When problems persisted with Hobart, Montie Ritchie returned to England to secure power of attorney from the then eight heirs to the ranch.</p><br>
<p>G. L. Moody of San Angelo, in a letter to Hobart, explained the dilemma this way:</p><br>
<p>With county, road, and school taxes steadily mounting even in the grazing sections of Texas, there is very little inducement left for the cattleman to buy large ranches at the present prices. All farm land colonization companies have disbanded because there is no longer a chance for steady long time employment. Because of present-day conditions, I would not take to organize a colonizing company, nor do I know anyone who could afford to do so except the large landowner who wishes to sell and colonize his own property exclusively.</p><br>
<p>By the time that Montie Ritche returned to the Panhandle in 1935, Hobart had died. Ritchie took over the ranch and remained there for the rest of his life. The White Deer Land and Cattle Company maintains a museum in Pampa with a history of ranching and land management in the region.</p><br>
<h2>The Montie Ritchie years</h2><br>
<p>Montie Ritchie’s brother was Richard Morgan Wadsworth “Dick” Ritchie (1912–1940). Dick was like their father Jack a sportsman, but also an actor. He died from inhaling carbon monoxide, which leaked from a faulty heater on a yacht while he was fishing in the Gulf of Mexico near Corpus Christi. Montie married the former Julia Elizabeth "Betty" Barrell of Boston, who died when their only daughter, Cornelia Wadsworth "Ninia" Ritchie, was a child. Montie then married the former Hildegard “Hildy” Neill (August 23, 1917 – August 1992).</p><br>
<p>By 1945, after a decade of Montie’s management, JA operations had been reduced to 335,000 acre in four counties—Armstrong, Briscoe, Donley, and Hall. Subsequently, a tract of 130,000 acre was divided into eight leaseholds. The JA obtains its water from the Prairie Dog Town Fork and its tributaries, along with natural lakes, tanks, and 58 wells; the JA had 12 winter camps and five farms on which to grow livestock feed. The winter range in the Palo Duro afforded maximum protection, and the summer range was singularly free from land waste, just as Charles Goodnight had first told John Adair in 1874. Nearly two-thirds of the JA properties were rolling pasture land.</p><br>
<p>In 1988, the JA comprised several ranch buildings, including a supply store and garage. The centerpiece of the ranch remained the "Big House". In 1960, the house was designated a national historic landmark. Ritchie in 1971 and 1988, respectively, donated two of the JA&#39;s historic buildings, the old milk house and an oat bin, to the National Ranching Heritage Center on the campus of Texas Tech University. A herd of Longhorns, the animal once termed by the Western artist Frank Reaugh as the most beautiful of animal creatures, roams in Palo Duro Canyon State Park, courtesy of the JA.</p><br>
<p>By 1990, the JA was substantially fenced and known for purebred Herefords and Angus bulls. Quarter horses were raised for ranch use, and a small buffalo herd was maintained; some commercial hunting of buffalo and deer was allowed. Tillable land continued to be leased. In 1998, the JA gave the state the last remaining wild herd of buffalo within Texas. The Ritchie family also owns ranch land near Larkspur in Douglas County north of Colorado Springs, where Montie&#39;s second wife, Hildy, spent most of her time.</p><br>
<p>Montie’s daughter, Cornelia "Ninia" Bivins, former wife of the late Texas State Senator Miles Teel Bivins of Amarillo, himself a rancher, carried the JA into a relatively brief fourth generation. On Montie’s retirement in 1993, she formed a partnership with Jay O’Brien of Amarillo. They changed the herd to predominantly black Angus and Charolais bulls. In 2005, a fifth generation took charge when Andrew Montgomery Bivins (born around 1969), son of Teel and Ninia Bivins, joined the JA management team.</p><br>
<p>Montie Ritchie attributed the success of the ranch to its employees, whom he described as “men of imagination, men of skill, men of courage, men who braved the elements day or night, men who took pride in their crafts, loved their horses and understood their cattle, and were eager to enhance the reputation of the JA and proud to be a part." Other than Montie Ritchie, the longest-serving JA employee as of 1940 was J. W. Kent, who retired that year after having worked a record 57 years for the company. Ritchie was the manager for 58 years until his retirement in 1993. However, in 1989, Tom Blasingame, known as the "oldest working cowboy in the West" died after 73 years in the saddle, most of it at the JA.</p><br>
<p>Montie Ritchie assembled an art collection which has been donated to the Dixon Museum in Memphis, Tennessee.</p><br>
<p>Though the JA was not as large or as famous as the XIT Ranch to its west, which included parts of 10 counties, it was the largest cattle operation solely in the Panhandle and one still in the hands of the heirs of one of the original founders, John Adair, after the passage of more than 130 years.</p><br>
<p>Mount Dodo, or Mount Dodogamine, is located in the northern part of the city of Gifu, Gifu Prefecture, Japan it is 417.9 m in height, making it the tallest mountain in the city. The mountain&#39;s small valley includes Matsuo Pond and Hagi Falls.</p><br>
<h2>Reaching the summit</h2><br>
<p>There are six routes for reaching the summit:</p><br>
<p>Mitahora Kōbō Route (三田洞弘法ルート)</p><br>
<p>Matsuo Pond Route (松尾池ルート Matsuoike Rūto)</p><br>
<p>Shōrai Danchi Route (松籟団地ルート)</p><br>
<p>Nishiyama Yongō-fun Route (西山4号墳ルート)</p><br>
<p>Nishiyama Danchi Route (西山団地ルート)</p><br>
<p>Suwa Shrine Route (諏訪神社ルート Suwa Jinja Rūto)</p><br>
<p>The Tōkai Nature Path (東海自然歩道 Tōkai Shizen Hodō) runs through Mount Dodo, using different routes to climb up and down the mountain.</p><br>
<h2>Summit attractions</h2><br>
<p>Mount Haku Observatory (白山展望台 Hakusan Tenbōdai)</p><br>
<p>Nagara River Observatory (長良川展望台 Nagaragawa Tenbōdai)</p><br>
<p>The USA Customshouse is a historic custom house at 24 Weybosset Street in Providence, Rhode Island at the northeast corner at Weybosset and Custom House streets. The customhouse was built between 1855 and 1857 to a design by Ammi B. Young and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1972. In 1992, the building was purchased by the State of Rhode Island and converted to office space for the State Courts System. After extensive renovation at a cost of $550.000, the building was opened by the state of Rhode Island as the John E. Fogarty Judicial Complex.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The building was completed in 1857 at a total cost of construction of $209,723.32. It was constructed of granite from quarries in Quincy, Massachusetts. It is a three story building, topped by a hip roof and metal dome, with quoined corners and cornices between the levels. It is three bays wide and seven deep, with the central three bays on each side projecting slightly, with further quoining to emphasize the projection.</p><br>
<p>After completion it housed the city&#39;s main post office, Federal District Court, District Attorney, Internal Revenue Service, Collector of Customs, and Steamboat Inspector. The building housed these federal offices until November 1909, when a new and larger Federal Building was erected on Exchange Place (now Kennedy Plaza) nearby. Thereafter, the structure remained vacant until 1921 when the USA Customs office and other federal agencies needing additional space returned. The Federal Government occupied the building for the next seventy years. After the Federal Government vacated the structure in 1989, it was considered by a variety of businesses for occupation, including a restaurant, a facility for homeless persons, and offices. The building was bought by the State of Rhode Island and converted to office space for the State Courts System. After extensive renovation at a cost of $550,000, the building was opened by the state in 1992 as the John E. Fogarty Judicial Complex.</p><br>
<p>The Customshouse is the centerpiece of the Customhouse Historic District, which includes eight commercial buildings historically associated with the growth of the city as a business center in the mid-to-late 19th century. That historic district is a portion of the larger Downtown Providence Historic District, listed in 1984.</p><br>
<p>Mount Haku, or Mount Hakusan , is a potentially active volcano. The stratovolcano is located on the borders of Gifu, Fukui, and Ishikawa  prefectures in Japan. It is thought to have first been active 300,000 to 400,000 years ago, with the most recent eruption occurring in 1659. Along with Mount Tate and Mount Fuji, it is one of Japan&#39;s "Three Holy Mountains".</p><br>
<h2>Outline</h2><br>
<p>The mountains tallest peak, Gozengamine (御前峰), is the one that gives the mountain its height of 2,702 m. Along with Kengamine (剣ヶ峰), which is 2,677 m, and Ōnanjimine (大汝峰), which is 2,648 m, the three peaks are considered "Mount Hakus Three Peaks" (白山三峰 Hakusan Sanmine). Mount Bessan and Mount Sannomine are sometimes included and called "Mount Haku&#39;s Five Peaks".</p><br>
<p>Because it is very prominent and clearly visible from the nearby coast, even after the surrounding mountains have lost their snow, Mount Haku still appears white, which is one explanation for the mountain&#39;s name, which means "white mountain." It is also the westernmost mountain in Japan that is over 2,000 m in height.</p><br>
<h2>History and culture</h2><br>
<p>Taichō was the first to climb Mount Haku in 717. For hundreds of years, people have come to Haku for prayers (白山信仰 Hakusan Shinkō). A branch shrine of Shirayama Hime Shrine, which served as the supreme shrine for Kaga Province, is on the mountain. The Shirayama Hime Shrine is the main shrine of approximately 2,000 Hakusan shrines in Japan. In 1980 an area of 48,000 ha was designated a UNESCO Man and the Biosphere Reserve.</p><br>
<h2>Nature</h2><br>
<p>Mount Haku was designated as a quasi-national park in 1955. It became a national park in 1962 and was renamed Hakusan National Park. Because the central part of the mountain has much precipitous terrain, there are very few roads and, as a result, little human intrusion into the area. Also limiting human intrusion is the designation of the park as a Wildlife Protection Area, covering over 38,061 ha. The park stretches beyond the mountain&#39;s borders into Toyama Prefecture.</p><br>
<h3>Geological features</h3><br>
<p>The area surrounding Mount Haku is one of the few in Japan that contains outcroppings from the Jurassic period of the Mesozoic era. Many of Japan&#39;s typical examples of dinosaur fossils were found in this area. One of the major rock outcrops is in the Kuwashima area and is known as the "Kuwashima Fossil Wall" (桑島化石壁 Kuwashima Kasekikabe).</p><br>
<p>Because the mountain is a dormant volcano, it is well known for its many onsen.</p><br>
<h3>Flora</h3><br>
<p>Mount Haku is known for its diverse plant life. Along the Sabō Trail, after passing the Jinnosuke Lodge, alpine plants are found, including the chocolate lily, which is Ishikawa&#39;s prefectural plant.</p><br>
<p>There are many alpine plants which have Hakusan in their name. These include Primula cuneifolia (Hakusan Kozakura), Anemone narcissiflora (Hakusan Ichige), Dactylorhiza (Hakusan Chidori), Geranium yesoemse (Hakusan Fuuro) and Rhododendron brachycarpum (Hakusan Shakunage). These plants can be found on many mountains throughout Japan, but they were first discovered and named along the older hiking trails leading to Hakusan Shrine.</p><br>
<h3>Fauna</h3><br>
<p>The golden eagle, Ishikawas prefectural bird, lives on the slopes of Mount Haku. The rock ptarmigan, Gifus prefectural bird, used to live on the slopes as well. During the Meiji period, the entire population of ptarmigan on the mountain disappeared; however, sightings of the grouse have recently been recorded by local residents.</p><br>
<h2>Hiking trails</h2><br>
<p>The three most used hiking trails are the Kankō Trail (観光新道 Kankō Shinmichi), the Sabō Trail (砂防新道 Sabō Shinmichi) and the Hirase Trail (平瀬道 Hirase-dō). Both the Kankō Trail and the Sabō trail originate in the city of Hakusan, Ishikawa Prefecture, but the Hirase Trail starts from the Ōshirakawa Dam (大白川ダム) in Gifu Prefecture.</p><br>
<p>Because the area is protected as a national park, very few trails have been made on the mountain. Though the trails listed above are easy enough to hike up and down in one day, other trails can take two or three days because of the uncleared trails and rough terrain.</p><br>
<p>The Kudobin Islands are a group of small islands in the Bering Sea, near the coast of Alaska, 13 mi West of Port Moller; Bristol Bay Low. The group includes a cluster of other small coastal islands, Walrus and Kritskoi Islands, forming a geographical whole.</p><br>
<p>The Kudobin Islands are located close to Nelson Lagoon. The largest island is about 13.5 km long. km (1 mile) wide. The islands are flat, the highest point on theme being only 4m.</p><br>
<h2>Etymology</h2><br>
<p>These coastal islands were surveyed by Andrew Khudobin (IRN, one of Captain Fyodor Petrovich Litke&#39;s naval officers in 1828. Khudobin named the group "Ile aux Loups" or "Wolf Island," according to Lutke. Lutke (1836, p. 263) called the group "Khoudobine."</p><br>
<p>Its present name, "Khudobin Island", was given in 1882 by W. H. Dall, USC&GS.</p><br>
<p>The Walrus Islands  are a group of craggy coastal islands in the Bering Sea, close to the northern shores of Bristol Bay, Alaska at the entrance to Togiak Bay. They are located 18 km to the east of Hagemeister Island, and are protected as the Walrus Islands State Game Sanctuary by the state. A part of the island group is also of archaeological importance, with numerous deeply stratified sites covering 6,000 years of human use. For this reason, Crooked Island, Summit Island and Round Island were designated the Walrus Islands Archeological District, a National Historic Landmark District comprising 14 historical sites, in December 2016.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Walrus Islands consist of a small group of islands and rocky islets extending to the southeast. The main islands are: Summit Island (close to the coast), High Island, Crooked Island, Black Rock Island and Round Island, not to be confused with Round Island (Aleutian Islands). The longest island is Crooked Island with a length of 10 km from north to south. The highest point is 69 m. Administratively these islands belong to the Dillingham Census Area, Alaska.</p><br>
<p>This island group was first explored by Captain James Cook in 1785. The Russian name "Morzh", meaning "walrus", was first used by Lt. Sarichev (1826, map 3), IRN (Imperial Russian Navy). Captain Tebenkov applied the name "Ostrova Morzhovyye" ("Walrus Islands") to the whole group of islands east of Hagemeister Island (1852, map 4), IRN. Captain Tebenkov also identified Walrus Island with the "Ound Island" of Capt. Cook (1785, v. 28 p. 431), RN.</p><br>
<p>The Walrus Islands earned their name because of the immense concentration of walruses in the adjacent waters of these islands every summer, the largest concentration being in Round Island, where 14,000 male walruses which have hauled out, have been observed on a single day. The island group forms the Walrus Islands State Game Sanctuary, managed by the Alaska Department of Fish and Game and a permit is required to visit Round Island. On January 11, 2017, President Barack Obama announced the designation of the island group as a National Historic Landmark District. The island contains a copious record of archaeological evidence of human occupation dating back to the Norton Tradition 6,000 years ago, about the time Bering Sea level rose to separate the Islands from the mainland, and the more recent Thule Tradition.</p><br>
<p>The Walrus Islands should not be confused with Walrus Island located in the southeastern shores of the Bristol Bay or with tiny Walrus Island located in the Pribilof group.</p><br>
<h2>Walrus Island</h2><br>
<p>The Walrus and Kritskoi Islands are a group of small islands in the Bering Sea, close to the coast of Alaska. The group is part of a cluster of other small coastal islands called the Kudobin Islands.</p><br>
<p>The Walrus and Kritskoi Islands are located close to Nelson Lagoon, 9 mi to the West of Port Moller, on the Alaska Peninsula (southern) side of Bristol Bay, Low.</p><br>
<p>The largest island is Walrus, being about 23.5 km long and 3 km wide. The islands are flat, the highest point on Walrus Island being only 1 m.</p><br>
<h3>Etymology</h3><br>
<p>These coastal islands were renamed in 1882 by W. H. Dall, USC&GS. Russian Captain Litke (1836) had named Walrus Island as "Volchie," meaning "wolf," in 1836. This name is now applied to the eastern tip of this feature.</p><br>
<h2>Kritskoi Island</h2><br>
<p>One of Kudobin Islands, 16 mi West of village of Port Moller, Alaska, Bristol Bay Low.</p><br>
<p>Kritskoi Island is only 3.3 km long, but with a height of 4 m it is noticeably higher than Walrus.</p><br>
<h3>Etymology</h3><br>
<p>Kritskoi Island was named "Kritskoi ile" by Capt. Lutke (1836, p. 261), IRN. He erroneously called it "L&#39;ile aux Loups," or "wolf island," on his Chart 14.</p><br>
<p>Yttygran Island  is an island in the Bering Sea 24 km northwest of Cape Chaplino, close to the coast of Chukotka.</p><br>
<p>Nowadays this island is popular with ecotourists. Beluga whales are common in the waters around Yttigran and neighbouring Arakamchechen islands.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Yttygran is located 3.8 km to the south of Arakamchechen Island and is separated from the continental shore by a sound that is only 1.5 km in its narrowest point. Penkigney Bay lies to the NW of the island.</p><br>
<p>Yttigran is 13.5 km long and has a maximum width of 5 km. It has a mountainous interior.</p><br>
<h2>Administration</h2><br>
<p>Administratively Yttygran Island belongs to Providensky District, part the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug of the Russian Federation.</p><br>
<h2>Whale Bone Alley</h2><br>
<p>Situated on the northern shore of Yttygran island (from the Chukchi Etgyran, meaning "midway dwellings"), whale bone alley consists of a large number of carefully arranged whale skulls, whale bones and stones, along with a considerable number of meat storage pits. It is thought that Whale Bone Alley was used as a central shrine by a number of different villages dotted along the eastern chukotkan coast. It is thought that the site was used for initiation rituals and for sporting contests, although the local Yupik have a simpler explanation that the island was simply a collective centre for the flensing, butchery and storage of whale meat, an idea supported by the etymology of the Yupik name for Yttygran: Sikliuk, from Siklyugak, meaning "meat pit" in Yupik.</p><br>
<p>The site is monumental by Chukotkan standards when compared with other early settlements such as Uelen, Ekven, Sireniki and Kivak, and consists of several lines of whale skulls and jaw bones along the shoreline, several large pits behind them and a number of meat pits surrounding a central sanctuary and stone path around one third of the way along the site travelling from south to north.</p><br>
<p>The site extends some 1800 feet (548 metres) along the northern coast of Yttygran Island and lies on a major whale migration path, and it is thought that the site was chosen partly because of the ease by which local people could kill and butcher a whale and also as a place where people could come together and trade on neutral ground in a forerunner to the fairs held during the period of cossack exploration of the region.</p><br>
<p>There is no evidence of any monumental ritual centre like this elsewhere in any other part of Eskimo lands, though there are sites along the Chukotkan coast where the whale skull motifs can be seen at sites such as Nykhsirak.</p><br>
<p>Cape Chaplin or Cape Chaplino  is a cape pointing eastward in the Bering Sea in the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug of the Russian Federation.</p><br>
<p>The area was first surveyed described and mapped by Russian mariner Count Fyodor Petrovich Litke during the First Kamchatka Expedition and it was named by Litke in honor of midshipman Peter Chaplin Avraamovich, a member of the expedition.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>This headland is located in an area of narrow beach ridges and swales which form a roughly triangular lagoon.</p><br>
<p>Cape Chaplino was the site of the Yupik village named Ungazik (Chaplino; Unisak on USCGS charts) which gave its name to the Chaplinski dialect of the Siberian Yupik language. The cape is shown as "Indian Point" on a USCGS chart from 1897.</p><br>
<h2>Bibliography</h2><br>
<p>Reid, Anna (2002) The Shaman&#39;s Coat A Native history of Siberia Phoenix (Orion Books)London paperback edition 2003</p><br>
<p>The Bafi Refuge  belongs to the Greek Mountaineering Club, E.O.S. Athens founded in 1928 in the Mount Parnitha National Park, at an altitude of 1160m, roughly 2.5 km from Mont Parness, inside the national park. Ιn April 1937 the refuge&#39;s foundation stone was laid. The first part was completed in Autumn of 1939 with money that was collected mainly by the members of the Mountaineering Club, but also other affiliated associations. Paths begin from the shelter leaving in all directions, which can offer small and easy walks of half and one hour or long and difficult walks for the fitter.</p><br>
<p>Access to the refuge is from the street that goes up Parnitha to the casino “Mont Parness”, or from a marked path which begins from the car park of the cable car and via the ravine of Choynis, leading to the shelter. Also, Bathis Square buses of line 714 of OASA leave for the Casino of Parnitha.</p><br>
<p>Today, the refuge is open all year round, it has organised cooking and it offers homemade food, refreshments and drinks. It provides the possibility of overnight stay, with three dormitories of 10, 20 and 30 places, three rooms with four beds, and one room in the loft of the shelter with two beds. During the winter there is central heating.</p><br>
<p>The Knuessl Building is a historic mid-19th Century commercial building in downtown Ottawa, Illinois. It was built around 1868 by a local pharmacist. The Knuessl Building was added to the USA National Register of Historic Places in 1992.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Knuessl Building was built for Maxmillion Knuessl, a German-born Ottawan who came to the city in 1855. Knuessl was a trained druggist. The building served as his drugstore until his children later moved it in 1895, a few years after their father&#39;s death. The Knuessl Brothers Drug Store was in business into the 1940s. The structure has had many other uses through the years, including housing other businesses, churches, and storage.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The Knuessl Building is 34 ft wide by 80 ft long and stands 54 ft tall. It is the most prominent structure in a block of commercial buildings along West Main Street in Ottawa. The front elevation is divided by a center staircase leading to the upper floors and creating two storefronts. In 1912 the building underwent some alterations which moved the storefront entrances from centered, to either side, creating a single, large display area for each storefront. The Knuessl Building is an example of the transition from wood-framed building construction to masonry construction in the 1860s. The building represents a mid-19th century commercial building design meant to evoke the Italian Renaissance known as Italianate.</p><br>
<h2>Historic significance</h2><br>
<p>The Knuessl Building and the building adjacent it are the only two in the commercial block that retain much of their front facade details and ornamentation, especially their cornices, arched windows and storefronts. The Knuessl is one of the most intact mid-19th century buildings in Ottawa. It is a locally significant example of a mid-19th century commercial design, Italianate, and was added to the National Register of Historic Places on May 11, 1992.</p><br>
<p>Besboro Island is a small island in the Norton Sound, Bering Sea, off the shores of Alaska. It is located 11 mi west of the mainland and 38 mi southwest of Christmas Mountain, Nulato Hills.</p><br>
<p>Besboro island stretches from north to south and is only 2 miles in length and a half mile across at its widest. It is, however, very craggy, rising up to a height of 903 ft. Administratively, this island belongs to the Nome Census Area, Alaska. It is owned by the Unalakleet Native Corporation (90%) and the Shaktoolik Native Corporation (10%). It is used by the locals for subsistence and recreational activities and by deep water vessels for safe harbor in stormy weather. The tidal sand spit that stretches off the northeast corner is a haul out area for seal.</p><br>
<p>This island was named on September 12, 1778 by Captain James Cook(1785, v. 2, p. 479), RN, who published it as "Besborough Island." It is part of the Bering Sea unit of the Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge.</p><br>
<p>Sledge Island, or Ayak Island, is a small island in the Bering Sea. It is located 5.3 mi from the southwestern shore of the Seward Peninsula, off the shores of Alaska.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Sledge island is of volcanic origin and is only 1.6 mi across. The average elevation is 410 feet/125 meters. Administratively this island belongs to the Nome Census Area, Alaska.</p><br>
<p>The island is 2.80 km long and 1.48 km wide.</p><br>
<p>The island is part of the Bering Sea unit of the Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>This island was named on August 5, 1778, by Captain James Cook, who commented: "We found, a little way from the shore where we landed, a sledge, which occasioned this name being given to the island." Martin Sauer, the secretary of the 1791 Russian expedition who sailed under orders from Catherine II of Russia, claimed in 1802 that the Inuit name of this island is "Ayak."</p><br>
<p>Captain Frederick Beechey observed: "It is singular that this island, which was named Sledge Island by Captain Cook, from the circumstances of one of these implements being found upon it, should be called by a word signifying the same thing in Esquimaux language."</p><br>
<p>The island was featured in 2017 season 8 of Bering Sea Gold, as a site to prospect and mine for seafloor placer gold.</p><br>
<p>The Directors Quarters, Togus Veterans Administration Center, previously known as the Governor&#39;s House, is a historic house on the grounds of the Veterans Administration  facility in Togus, Maine. The house, built in 1869, is historically significant as the only surviving structure of the first National Home for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers, established at Togus in 1866 to serve American Civil War veterans. It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1974. It is a contributing element of the historic district encompassing the Togus VA campus.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Governor&#39;s House is a 2-1/2 story brick structure, with a mansard roof and a granite foundation. Its main block is three bays wide and three bays deep, with shuttered sash windows set in openings with granite sills and segmented-arch lintels. The main (south-facing) facade, has a single-story enclosed porch across its center half, topped by a shallow-pitch hip roof. A two story wing extends to the rear of the main block, significantly increasing its size. The house as 22 rooms in all, and has retained most of its original woodwork.</p><br>
<p>The site that is now the Togus VA facility is the first veterans facility established by the United States. It was established by an act of Congress in 1866, to provide a space for "any worthy soldier" who was "suffering such a degree of disability" so as to need such a facility. The property acquired by the government was a summer resort, capitalizing on local mineral springs, that had gone bankrupt in the war. This facility opened in 1866, and its main buildings were destroyed or damaged by fire in 1868. The government embarked on a major building campaign in 1868-69, of which the residence of the facility&#39;s governor (now director) is now the only surviving building. It continues to be used for residential purposes.</p><br>
<p>The Fulton County Courthouse, built between 1911 and 1914, is an historic courthouse building located at 136 Pryor Street SW in Atlanta, seat of Fulton County, Georgia. It was designed by noted Atlanta-based architect A. Ten Eyck Brown , along with the Atlanta firm of Morgan & Dillon. It is officially the Lewis R. Slaton Courthouse.</p><br>
<p>On September 18, 1980, the original building was added to the National Register of Historic Places. An annex across the street is connected via skywalk. Both are located in South Downtown.</p><br>
<p>In March 2005, Brian Nichols overpowered and escaped from a sheriff&#39;s deputy at the courthouse, causing her brain damage, and then killed the judge in his rape trial, a court reporter, and another deputy, and later a man at another location, before kidnapping and holding a woman hostage. He was found guilty of all 54 counts against him at his trial, which was moved to Atlanta Municipal Court to avoid the crime scene where most of the killing spree occurred.</p><br>
<p>The Longmen Mountains, also tautologically referred to in English-language publications as the Longmenshan Mountains, are a mountain range in Sichuan province in southwestern China.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The range runs in a roughly northeast to southwest direction, roughly from Guangyuan near the province&#39;s northeastern border, to the western part of the Chengdu Prefecture, in the central part of the province, where it approaches the southern end of the Qionglai Range. The Longmen Mountains form the northwestern rim of the Sichuan basin.</p><br>
<p>The uplift of the Longmen Mountains is a result of vertical slippage on the Longmenshan Fault. The Longmen Mountains represent the eastern rim of the immense Tibetan Plateau.</p><br>
<p>Some maps use the name "Longmen Mountains" only for the northeastern section of the range, while the taller southwestern section is labeled Chaping Mountains.</p><br>
<p>The range&#39;s highest point is Mt. Jiudeng or Jiudengshan, at 4984 m above the sea level.</p><br>
<p>The Jeremiah Strawn House is a historic house in the city of Ottawa, Illinois. It is a good example of a front-gabled house with Italianate detailing. The Strawn House was added to the USA National Register of Historic Places in 1995.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Jeremiah Strawn House in Ottawa, Illinois was built in three phases from around 1855&ndash;70 for property owner Jeremiah Strawn. Strawn purchased the property in 1857 from William Osman for US$4,000.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The Strawn House is a high-integrity example of the front-gable architectural design, also known as Mid 19th Century Design. Essentially this style of American residential design was loosely based upon Greek and Roman models. Large-scale American sympathy for the Greek War of Independence, archaeological investigations and the proliferation of design models in publications all helped spread this style. The Strawn House features Italianate detailing such as the brackets beneath the eaves. Though the Strawn House was constructed at the height of popularity for Greek Revival style it still maintains many elements of the earlier Classical Revival period.</p><br>
<h2>Historic significance</h2><br>
<p>The Strawn House is a good example of a front-gabled house. The house is architecturally significant as the only example of such design in Ottawa, with most others falling into the Italianate or Greek Revival categories.</p><br>
<p>The Fulton County Courthouse, built in 1870, is a historic courthouse building located in Wauseon, Ohio. On May 7, 1973, it was added to the National Register.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Fulton County was established in 1850 from parts of Williams and Lucas counties. The Ohio General Assembly appointed three commissioners to select the county seat of the newly formed county. They chose a location at the geographical center of the county, and named it "Centre."</p><br>
<p>The village was renamed Ottokee shortly thereafter at the suggestion of Col. Dresden Howard to honor the Odawa Chief Ot-to-kee. The courts were held in the home of Robert Howard until a courthouse could be constructed. In 1851 the completed two-story wood-frame structure rising to a dome. This courthouse burned in a fire in 1864 forcing the county to hastily plan a new second courthouse.</p><br>
<p>This second courthouse was constructed out of brick. The facade was punctuated by pilasters separating the arched windows. This courthouse served the county until a decision was made to move the county seat. Years after the move the old courthouse was still in use as the county infirmary.</p><br>
<p>Ottokee remained the county seat and defeated many attempts to move the courts, until 1869, when a railroad company surveyed the area and chose Wauseon as a stopping point. The county seat relocated there shortly thereafter. The same act that established the new county seat was passed, it also included $5,000 to complete a new courthouse.</p><br>
<p>This new courthouse, the third for the county, and the first for Wauseon, was completed in 1872 and is in use today. The architect, C.C. Miller, designed the courthouse in the Italianate style and Alexander Voss and H.B. Bensman were responsible for building and construction. The total cost of the courthouse was $45,722.27.</p><br>
<h2>Exterior</h2><br>
<p>The primary bulk of the courthouse is a long rectangular block with a central projection; an addition was added to the rear of the building. The red brick structure rests on a rusticated sandstone foundation, which is pierced by small square windows. The first floor is illuminated by square windows with a slight arch and each is topped with a decorative header; the second floor windows are long arched windows with the same header treatment. Between the windows are pilasters rising from the foundation to the roofline. The hipped roof rests on an entablature decorated with dentil moldings. The roof rises to a flat roof which in turn supports a central tower with arched windows.</p><br>
<p>The central projection contains a portico with arched openings and contains the entrance. Arched windows light the second floor and a balcony is located in the front. The entablature carries over onto the projection with the tower rising for another two levels before terminating in platform lined with a balustrade. Below this platform is a four-faced clock and arched vents where the courthouse bell is kept.</p><br>
<h2>Interior</h2><br>
<p>The buildings main entry is set in the middle of the front tower. After walking through the vestibule, one can turn immediately to the left and climb a staircase to the second-story courtroom. Extensive artwork is present in the courtroom, including murals of interactions between Indians and Americans during the countys earliest years, multiple oil paintings, and wood carvings, plus a dome with stained glass.</p><br>
<p>The Belvidere USA Post Office is a historic building located in the Illinois city&#39;s downtown business district. It was built in 1911 and represents a good example of Classical Revival architecture. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places as United States Post Office-Belvidere in 2000.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Belvidere USA Post Office was constructed in 1911, by Rockford contractor E. Maffioli. A.N. Eason was the construction supervisor for the Treasury Department and the building was constructed according to a schedule which slated completion for September 1, 1911 and occupancy for October 11, 1911. The building was completed on schedule and dedicated on October 11, 1911, attracting a large crowd. The building served as post office until it was put up for sale in 1997. It was sold in 1998 to a member of the public.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The Belvidere USA Post Office is built in the Classical Revival style of architecture and was designed by Supervising Architect of the USA Treasury James Knox Taylor. The building uses a free mix of Classical and Renaissance forms and possesses several elements characteristic of Classical Revival. The interior dome, the broken pediment over the entryway (a Greek Revival form), finely dressed stone work, a monumental scale, and sculptural stone details are all commonly found among Classical Revival styled buildings.</p><br>
<h2>Historic significance</h2><br>
<p>The Belvidere Post Office reflects the designs of post offices promoted by the USA federal government in the early 1900s. The post office is an architecturally significant example of Classical Revival architecture and one of Belvidere&#39;s most elaborate Classical buildings. The USA Post Office Belvidere, Illinois was added to the National Register of Historic Places May 11, 2000.</p><br>
<p>The Colored Soldiers Monument in Frankfort, Kentucky&#39;s Green Hill Cemetery, at the corner of US 60 and US 421, is the only Kentucky monument to black soldiers that participated in the American Civil War, and one of only four in the entire United States. The GAR Monument in Covington is the only other monument built by the Grand Army of the Republic in the state of Kentucky.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Due to state laws, Kentucky was not allowed to recruit blacks until March 1, 1864. In total, 23,703 blacks from Kentucky would join a total of 23 Union regiments. This would provide the Union Army one-third of its total forces from the state of Kentucky. Those that enlisted were immediately emancipated. Although generally given garrison duty, these soldiers did see combat action, mostly in Tennessee and North Carolina. After the war ended, some were sent west to Texas to discourage France from conquering Mexico. Only the state of Louisiana provided more black troops than Kentucky.</p><br>
<p>The monument, built in 1924, is made of limestone. Its base is of poured concrete. Inscribed around the column are the names of 142 black soldiers that hailed from central Kentucky. All that is known of its cost is that it was "several hundred dollars". It was dedicated at 4 p.m. on July 4, 1924.</p><br>
<p>On July 17, 1997, the Colored Soldiers Monument in Frankfort was one of 60 different monuments related to the Civil War in Kentucky placed on the National Register of Historic Places, as part of the Civil War Monuments of Kentucky Multiple Property Submission. The Confederate Monument in Frankfort is the only other one in Frankfort; it is in Frankfort Cemetery one mile (1.6 km) to the west.</p><br>
<p>Henry Weaver House, a California Bungalow, is in Santa Monica, California. It was built in 1910 by the Milwaukee Building Company for Henry Weaver, a Midwestern hotel developer. The house&#39;s broad roof overhang, prominent front porch and emphasis on natural colors and materials are unique features of the American Craftsman California Bungalow Style, which "fit the Southland landscape, Southland climate and Southland temperament," according to a 1910 Los Angeles Times article on the Weaver house.</p><br>
<p>Restoration of the house began in 1985, and the house was listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.</p><br>
<p>In Los Angeles: An Architectural Guide, David Gebhard and Robert Winter describe it as “A gorgeous example of Craftsman orientalism, worthy of Charles and Henry Greene.”</p><br>
<p>Horatio West Court, built in Santa Monica, California in 1919, is an early example of attached houses with shared pedestrian and vehicle access. The six little buildings are grouped on a 60-foot lot. It was designed by Irving Gill.</p><br>
<p>Horatio West Court divides its narrow lot symmetrically, placing two units on either side of a driveway that runs the length of the lot to a rear parking area, where two garages are topped with little apartments. Each building is a slightly inflected, flat-roofed two-story cube to which a small entrance porch and a walled terrace has been added. The arched entry ways and small patio courts reflect Gill&#39;s affinity for the Mission Revival style. However, the buildings themselves fall squarely into the Modern Movement.</p><br>
<p>Richard Neutra extensively photographed the Horatio West Court as well as Gills Dodge House and published in his book Amerika: Neues Bauen in der Welt (1930). In Leland Roths American Architecture: A History, the Horatio West Court is described as "Gills flat-roof crisply-rectilinear apartment complex." In Coastal California, John A. Vlahides and Tullan Spitz describe the complex as "one of the best examples of Irving Gills revolutionary modernism."</p><br>
<p>The Horatio West Court was listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 1977, the first building in the City of Santa Monica to be listed in the National Register.</p><br>
<h2>Gallery of images</h2><br>
<p>The Sovereign is a large five-story, 130 unit apartment building in Santa Monica, California, United States. Built in 1928, it was designed by architect Kurt Meyer-Radon and the Anglo American Building Company in the Mission Revival-Spanish Colonial Revival styles.</p><br>
<p>The building contains primarily single apartments and one bedroom apartments, many of which are currently under rent control.</p><br>
<p>In the 1930s, the Sovereign’s operation appears to have transitioned to include a more traditional hotel format with the construction of the small wing that may have contained a dining room. The street level sign identifying the building as the “Sovereign Hotel” also dates from this era.</p><br>
<p>In Los Angeles: An Architectural Guide, David Gebhard and Robert Winter, wrote, "There was no reticence here on the part of the architect in showing how many Spanish Colonial Revival forms and details could be used."</p><br>
<p>The Sovereign Hotel was listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 1997.</p><br>
<p>Roadford Lake, also known as Roadford Reservoir is a man-made reservoir fed by the River Wolf. It is located to the north-east of Broadwoodwidger in West Devon, eight miles  east of Launceston and is the largest area of fresh water in the southwest of England. Operated by South West Water, it directly supplies water for North Devon. It also supplies Plymouth and southwest Devon via releases into the River Tamar for abstraction at Gunnislake. It is a Local Nature Reserve.</p><br>
<p>The creation of the reservoir in 1989 permitted extensive archaeological research to be undertaken in the valley of the River Wolf led by Professor Mick Aston of Bristol University and documented by the Channel Four documentary series Time Signs.</p><br>
<p>In 2008 South West Water received planning permission to build a 100-bed holiday village beside the lake.</p><br>
<h2>Facilities</h2><br>
<p>Brown Trout fishing</p><br>
<p>Lakeside Cafe</p><br>
<p>Activities:</p><br>
<p>Sailing</p><br>
<p>Rowing</p><br>
<p>Kayaking</p><br>
<p>Windsurfing</p><br>
<p>Canadian Canoes</p><br>
<p>High Ropes Course</p><br>
<p>Outdoor Archery Range</p><br>
<p>Indoor Climbing wall</p><br>
<p>Raft Building</p><br>
<p>Footpath walks through mature forests/woodland</p><br>
<p>Cycleway through mature forests/woodland</p><br>
<p>Adjacent campsite</p><br>
<p>The facilities are managed by South West Lakes Trust, a registered charity.</p><br>
<p>The Ryōhaku Mountains are a mountain range spanning Gifu, Toyama, Ishikawa, Fukui and Shiga prefectures in Japan. It is divided into the Kaetsu Mountains , whose major peak is Mount Haku, and the Etsumi Mountains , whose major peak is Mount Nōgōhaku. The range derives its name from the two major peaks, which both have "haku" in their names. Most of the Ryōhaku Mountains are within Hakusan National Park.</p><br>
<h2>Major peaks</h2><br>
<h3>Kaetsu Mountains</h3><br>
<p>* Mount Ōgasa (大笠山), 1,822 m</p><br>
<p>* Mount Oizuru, 1,841 m</p><br>
<p>* Mount Sanpōiwa (三方岩岳), 1,736 m</p><br>
<p>* Mount Nodanishōji (野谷荘司山), 1,797 m</p><br>
<p>* Mount Haku, 2,702 m</p><br>
<p>* Mount Bessan, 2,399 m</p><br>
<p>* Mount Sannomine, 2,128 m</p><br>
<p>* Mount Dainichi, 1,709 m</p><br>
<h3>Etsumi Mountains</h3><br>
<p>* Mount Heike (平家岳), 1,442 m</p><br>
<p>* Mount Nōgōhaku, 1,617 m</p><br>
<p>* Mount Byōbu (屏風山), 1,354 m</p><br>
<p>* Mount Kanmuri, 1,257 m</p><br>
<p>* Mount Sanshū (三周ヶ岳), 1,202 m</p><br>
<p>* Mount Mikuni, 1,209 m</p><br>
<p>Cobbs Hill Reservoir is a reservoir located in Cobbs Hill Park in Rochester, New York, United States. The reservoir is used to supply drinking water to the city of Rochester.</p><br>
<p>Construction was completed in 1908. The smaller Lake Riley north of it was part of the old Erie Canal system. I-490 now runs on the old canal bed here.</p><br>
<p>The land comprising modern-day Cobbs Hill Park belonged to Gideon Cobb, an earlier settler of Rochester.</p><br>
<p>The land was acquired by the city through various land purchases, and donations. The largest donation was the remaining 15 acres crowning the hilltop of Cobbs Hill.</p><br>
<p>The granite gatehouse atop the hill was designed by architect J. Foster Warner in Greek Revival style. The structure featured a wide portico with an ornate drinking fountain.</p><br>
<p>With its surrounding iron fencing and Parisian lamp posts, the 12.8 acre reservoir further added to the landscape of Cobbs Hill. Animated by a fountain, the reservoir reportedly has the sitting capacity to fill every bath tub in Rochester, NY, twice daily, for two months.</p><br>
<p>An overlook was developed in consultation with the agency of Frederick Law Olmsted— the firm responsible for creating the Rochester Parks system in the late 1880s. Olmsted executives urged the city to maintain this bluff to provide citizens with unobtrusive skyline views.</p><br>
<p>A refectory, with cafeteria and observation deck, once stood on the site now occupied by a radio tower. Funded by The New Deal in 1933, the refectory hosted thousands of people a year through the mid-twentieth century. A beacon mounted to the observatory helped guide planes to the Greater Rochester International Airport.</p><br>
<p>Cobbs Hill Park remains a Rochester feature into the twenty-first century, and is used by joggers running the reservoir trail, sled riders gliding down the hill, sports enthusiasts playing on the athletic fields, or people partaking in the views or nature walks.</p><br>
<p>Edgewood, also known as Higginbotham House, is a historic home located at 138 Garland Avenue in Amherst, Amherst County, Virginia. It was built in 1818, by Arthur B. Davies a local attorney and Amherst County Court Clerk. It is a two-story, seven bay, "T"-plan brick dwelling in the Greek Revival style. It sits on an English basement and features a two-story pedimented wooden portico. Additions made in 1972 are in the Federal style. The house retains most of its original woodwork and mantels, and features murals painted by an unknown local artist. The building housed the Higginbotham Academy from 1851 to 1860, as well as the local Masonic Hall, and meeting place for a Methodist congregation.</p><br>
<p>On August 16, 2006, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>The Smith–Harris House, listed on the National Register of Historic Places as the Thomas Avery House, is a -story clapboarded Greek Revival home on Society Road in East Lyme, Connecticut. It is believed that the farmhouse was built in 1845–1846 as a wedding gift for Thomas Avery and Elizabeth Griswold. It remained in the Avery family until 1877, when it was purchased by William H. Smith. By the 1890s, the farm was managed by Smith&#39;s younger brother, Herman W. Smith, and nephew, Frank A. Harris. In 1900, the two married Lula and Florence Munger, sisters, and both resided in the house. In 1955, the house was sold to the Town of East Lyme, and the sisters continued to live in the house until requiring a nursing home. The house was saved from demolition by citizens and restored. It opened on July 3, 1976, as a historic house museum, operated and maintained by the Smith–Harris House Commission and the Friends of Smith–Harris House. It is open from June through August and throughout the year by appointment. The Smith–Harris house was added to the National Historic Register of Places on August 22, 1979.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Smith–Harris House is believed to have been preceded by another dwelling that was used in the original construction. The Avery family was originally in the area from at least 1751 and the property and the surrounding farm was consolidated under Jonathan Avery&#39;s son, Abraham Avery. It is believed, through a newspaper discovered in the wall and other records that the house was built in 1845-1846 as a wedding gift for Thomas Avery and Elizabeth Griswold. The house remained in the Avery family until 1877 when it was sold to William H. Smith.</p><br>
<p>By the 1890s, the farm was managed by Smith&#39;s younger brother, Herman W. Smith and nephew, Frank A. Harris. In 1900, the two married Lula and Florence Munger, sisters, and both resided in the house. William H. Smith deeded the house to his brother and nephew in 1921. Smith died in 1951 and his widow and Frank Harris, shortly before his death, sold the house and the 103 acres (41.6 hectare) of land to the Town of East Lyme for $34,000. The two widows continued to live in the house until they went to a nursing home. The land served as a farm under the Avery family including a dairy and cattle farm; the dairy farm would continue to operate under the Harris family. Portions of the land were later used for the construction of Interstate 95 and two East Lyme schools. The two schools are the East Lyme Junior High School (East Lyme Middle School) and Lillie B. Haines Elementary School.</p><br>
<h2>Design</h2><br>
<p>The Smith–Harris House is a -story clapboarded Greek Revival house with a pedimented gable on the front facade. The house is composed of a -story, 23 by block and a single-story, 10 ft kitchen wing. It retains the original clapboarding with horizontal flush on the facade. The front facade has a typical three-bay design with the entrance supported by pilasters with squared, recessed panels for the main door frame and frieze. The entrance porch is not original, it was replaced as part of the restoration effort and its design originates from previous photographs. The foundation is made of locally sourced granite slabs and includes a full basement. The square gable windows feature small panes in wooden muntins. All windows retain their original double-hung sash with 6-over-6 windows, except for the rear windows on the second floor. The one-story kitchen wing has a pitched lean-to roof. Another part of the restoration was the open porch that replaced an ell. At the time of its National Historic Register of Places nomination, the gable roof was covered with cedar shingles as part of the restoration effort.</p><br>
<p>Passing through the entrance leads to the stairhall, with the on the right stairs side and a doorway leading to the parlor on the left. The back of the stairwell leads to another room that connects to a side-room on the left and into the kitchen. The kitchen features access to the other rooms, a back entrance, a back stairway and a separate kitchen pantry in the rear wing. The interior is designed with the lines and moldings of the Greek Revival styling. The fireplace has a simple projecting mantel, and the walls are plain with plastered walls and cornice moldings. In adherence to fire code standards, the rear chimney was rebuilt, yet "accurately reproduces the large bake oven." The second floor is similar to the first floor except the rear rooms have been converted to bedrooms. Cleary believes that the boards used to finish the attic stairway and part of the attic may come from the replaced ell, which possibly was from a previous house on the site.</p><br>
<h2>Operation as a museum</h2><br>
<p>After the deaths of the widows, the house was boarded up and repeatedly vandalized. The Town of East Lyme considered destroying the house for municipal purposes, but citizens successfully petitioned and restored it. The Smith–Harris House opened as a historic house museum on July 3, 1976. Currently, the Smith–Harris House Commission, created by the town to maintain the property, has incorporated the Friends of Smith–Harris House into the care of the property. The house is open from June through August and throughout the year by appointment. The Smith–Harris House was added to the National Historic Register of Places on August 22, 1979.</p><br>
<p>The Jonathan Hamilton House, also known as the Hamilton House, is a historic house at 40 Vaughan&#39;s Lane in South Berwick, Maine. Built between 1787 and 1788 by a merchant from Portsmouth, New Hampshire, this National Historic Landmark is a little-altered and high quality late Georgian country house. Acquired by preservationist friends of South Berwick native Sarah Orne Jewett at the turn of the 20th century, it is now a historic house museum owned by Historic New England, open for tours between June and October.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Hamilton House is set on 50 acre of land overlooking the Salmon Falls River, the border between South Berwick and Rollinsford, New Hampshire. It is a 2-1/2 story wood frame building, with a hip roof, clapboard siding, four brick chimneys symmetrically placed in its outside walls, and gabled dormers on all four elevations. It has entrances on its north, south, and east sides, each flanked by pilasters and topped by a gabled pediment; that on the north side has a more elaborate treatment, with sidelight windows and a second pair of pilasters. On the north and east facades, there are Palladian windows above the entrances.</p><br>
<p>The interior of the house follows a center-hall plan, with a wide central hall decorated with wallpaper that is a reproduction (made in 1900) of older wallpaper found in the house. The two parlor chambers and dining room have mahogany window seats, paneled chimney surrounds, and folding inside window shutters. The dining room and south parlor have wallpaper painted in 1900 by George Porter Fernald.</p><br>
<p>In 1783 land for the house was purchased by Jonathan Hamilton, a merchant who had profited during the American Revolutionary War by privateering. Known as Pipe Stave Landing, the property was advantageous for landing goods from his merchant ships. The house he built was, according to tax records, the most valuable in South Berwick. Hamilton died in 1802, and the property was sold out of the family in 1815. For much of the 19th century it was owned by the Goodwin family, who operated a farm on the property, and let the grand house decline in condition.</p><br>
<p>When the Goodwins put the property up for sale in 1898, local author Sarah Orne Jewett convinced her friend Emily Tyson, and Tyson&#39;s stepdaughter Elise, to purchase and restore the house in the then-fashionable Colonial Revival. The Tysons made only modest alterations to the house, and restored some of its fabric, including the wallpaper in the central hall. Their most significant changes were outside, where they built the handsome garden and cottage (the latter now serving as a visitor center) south of the house. After the death of Elise Tyson Vaughan in 1949, the house was bequeathed to the Society for Preservation of New England Antiquities, now Historic New England. It is now operated by them as a historic house museum, with tours offered between June and October.</p><br>
<p>The house was declared a National Historic Landmark and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1970. The Hamilton House was the setting of The Tory Lover, a historical romance novel by Jewett, who was a frequent visitor to the property.</p><br>
<p>Derrywarragh Island is a boulder clay island on Lough Neagh, Northern Ireland. It is linked by a bridge to Maghery, County Armagh. The island is approximately 13 km northwest of Portadown. Most of the island is wet grassland. There are also areas of wet woodland, marshes and swamps. The island is also regularly the home of wintering and breeding birds.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>On entering the River Blackwater barges used to sail down the river for about three miles to Lough Neagh at Maghery, where they navigated the mouth of the River by Derrywarragh Peninsula, causing endless delays through silting, flooding and blockages. In 1802 work started under the direction of Daniel Monks to excavate a short channel from the eastern bank of the Blackwater straight to the lough shore through the lower section of Derrywarragh Peninsula thus turning it into what is now Derrywarragh Island. This cut, "the Maghery Cut", finished in 1803, allowed vessels to avoid the sand bars at the river’s mouth. A pontoon bridge was erected and was later replaced by a fixed bridge to allow access onto Derrywarragh Island by the main resident of the island who owns a livestock haulage business and was noticing weakness as the lorry passed over the bridge.</p><br>
<h2>Places of interest</h2><br>
<p>The O&#39;Connors Stronghold can be found on the north-east end of the island. It is a 17th-century fortified house. The existing remains measure about 18 ft by 14 ft and include a standing 32 ft brick chimney stack. According to Craigavon Museum Services, it was probably a "watchtower to protect the mouth of the River Blackwater".</p><br>
<h2>Sport</h2><br>
<p>The island is also the home of Maghery Sean MacDermott&#39;s GAA club.</p><br>
